The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by
A) hormones.
B) evolution.
C) sexuality.
D) pheromones.
E) the nervous system.
Answer: B
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Biology Chapter 51
- The core idea of sociobiology is that
- Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males and, after mating, leave the clutch of young for the male to incubate. This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until no available males remain, forcing the female to incubate her last clutch. Which of the following terms best describes this behavior?
- According to Hamilton's rule, of the altruist.
- Researchers have found that a region of the canary forebrain shrinks during the nonbreeding season and enlarges when breeding season begins. This annual enlargement of brain tissue is probably associated with the annual
- Although many chimpanzee populations live in environments containing oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The most likely explanation for this behavioral difference between populations is that
- Which of the following is not required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection?
- Which scientist suggested that human social behavior may have a genetic basis?
- Which scientist developed the concept of inclusive fitness?
- Which of the following is true of innate behaviors?
- Animals that help other animals of the same species are expected to
- The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection, a theory maintaining
- In Belding's ground squirrels, it is mostly the females that behave altruistically by sounding alarm calls. What is the likely reason for this distinction?
- The central concept of sociobiology is that
- Which of the following is least related to the others?
- Which of the following does not have a coefficient of relatedness of 0.5?
- Which scientist devised a rule that predicts when natural selection should favor altruism?
- Which one of these concepts is not associated with sociobiology?
- The evolution of mating systems is most likely affected by
- Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. Joe then rolls on the ground on his back, gets up, and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Choose the most specific behavior described by this example.
- Which of the following is least related to the others?
- Which of the following might affect the foraging behavior of an animal in the context of optimal foraging?
- You discover a rare new bird species, but you are unable to observe its mating behavior. You see that the male is large and ornamental compared with the female. On this basis, you can probably conclude that the species is
- Optimal foraging involves all of the following except
- In the evolution of whelk-eating behavior in crows, which of the following did natural selection minimize?
- Feeding behavior with a high energy intake-to-expenditure ratio is called