A) transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver
B) regulate cholesterol synthesis in tissue cells
C) make cholesterol available to tissue cells for membrane or hormone synthesis
D) assist in the storage of cholesterol when supply exceeds demand
Answer: A
A) Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis.
B) It is a condition usually caused by having a diet low in fish and meat.
C) A negative nitrogen balance is normal and is a way of maintaining homeostasis.
D) It occurs when amino acids are broken down by liver enzymes and carried to the bloodstream.
Answer: A
A) corn, cottonseed oil, soy oil, and wheat germ
B) lima beans, kidney beans, nuts, and cereals
C) egg yolk, fish roe, and grains
D) eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish
Answer: D
A) adequate essential amino acids
B) adequate fat calories to provide adequate ATP formation
C) excessive amounts of protein in the diet
D) ammonia combining with oxygen to form urea
Answer: C
A) pant
B) exhibit vasodilation of skin vessels
C) perspire heavily
D) shiver
Answer: D
A) glycogenolysis
B) triglyceride anabolism
C) protein anabolism
D) lipogenesis
Answer: A
A) Most of the ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
B) Each FADH2 yields about 1 1/2 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
C) Glycolysis relies on substrate-level oxidation for the four ATP produced in this pathway.
D) Most ATP from cellular respiration are produced directly in the Krebs cycle.
Answer: B
A) glycogenolysis in the liver
B) lipolysis in adipose tissues and the liver
C) absorption of glucose from the GI tract
D) catabolism of cellular protein
Answer: C
A) phosphorylation
B) beta oxidation
C) cellular respiration
D) glycolysis
Answer: A
A) utilize hydrogenases
B) may involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons
C) are rarely coupled together
D) occur via the gain of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen
Answer: B
A) Strict vegetarians need not worry about adequate protein intake, as most vegetables are almost perfect sources of amino acids.
B) Proteins can be synthesized in the body if most of the amino acids are present.
C) Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested.
D) Catabolic steroids (hormones) accelerate the rate of protein synthesis.
Answer: C
A) It occurs in the mitochondrion.
B) Every second carbon is reduced.
C) It involves the anabolism of fats.
D) Fatty acids are broken into acetic acid fragments.
Answer: C
A) electron transport
B) glycolysis
C) Krebs cycle
D) formation of malic acid from fumaric acid
Answer: B
A) fats
B) vitamins and minerals
C) foods and beverages high in caffeine
D) proteins
Answer: A
A) simple sugars
B) complex carbohydrates
C) plant proteins
D) animal proteins
Answer: B
A) The amino acid pool is the body's total supply of amino acids in the body's proteins.
B) Fats and carbohydrates are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy.
C) Amino acids can be used to supply energy only after being converted to a carbohydrate intermediate.
D) Excess carbohydrate and fat can be stored as such, whereas excess amino acids are oxidized for energy or converted to fat or glycogen for storage.
A) radiation
B) conduction/convection
C) evaporation
D) shivering
Answer: D
A) muscle mass and metabolism decline with age
B) their appetite begins to diminish
C) they have a higher metabolic rate and do not need large amounts of food
D) they spend most of the day at rest, and their food will quickly turn to fat
Answer: A
A) the way an individual metabolizes fat
B) the way skeletal muscles break down glycogen
C) the ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body
D) an individual's body weight
A) amino acids
B) fatty acids
C) glycogen
D) lactic acid
Answer: B
