Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.

Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.

Oxygen is transported in 2 ways

1.binds to hemoglobin to form oxyhemobglobin or
2. dissolves in plasma

Carbon dioxide is also transported in 2 ways

1. small amount of co2 is carried inside the RBCs bound to hemoglobin.
2. most carbon dioxide dissolves in plasma

What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?

What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?

1. provide extensive area for gas exchange between inhaled air and ciculation
2. move air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs
3. protect the respiratory surfaces from dehydration, and defend against pathogens
4. produce sound involved in speaking, singing, etc
5. indirectly contribute to regulation of blood volume, pressure, and pH

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneuomonia because inflammation

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneuomonia because inflammation

a. causes fluids to leak into the alveoli
b. causes respiratory bronchioles to swell and constrict
c. increases minute volume
d. A and B only
e. A, B, and C


Answer: d

External respiration involves the

External respiration involves the

a. movement of air into and out of the lungs
b. diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood
c. exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and interstitial fluid
d. binding of oxygen by hemoglobin
e. utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism


Answer: b

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

a. dissolves in plasma
b. bound to hemoglobin
c. in ionic form as solute in the plasma
d. bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide
e. carried by white blood cells

Answer: b

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

a. solute dissolved in the plasma
b. carbaminohemoglobin
c. bicarbonate ions
d. solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells
e. carbonic acid


Answer: c

The most important chemical regular of respiration is

The most important chemical regular of respiration is 

a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. bicarbonate ion
d. sodium ion
e. hemoglobin


Answer: b

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ______ center.

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ______ center.

a. apneustic
b. pneuomotaxic
c. inspiratory
d. expiratory
e. both A and C


Answer: c

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

a. movement of air into and out of the lungs
b. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood
c. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to interstitial space
d. movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells
e. utilization of oxygen


Answer: a

Henry's law

Henry's law

a. gas volume and temp are directly proportional
b. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional
c. volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure
d. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture
e. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume


Answer: c

Dalton's law

Dalton's law

a. gas volume and temp are directly proportional
b. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional
c. volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure
d. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture
e. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume


Answer: d

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

a. pulmonary ventilation
b. external respiration
c. internal respiration
d. cellular respiration
e. breathing


Answer: c

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

a. bronchioles
b. terminal bronchioles
c. pleural spaces
d. alveoli
e. interlobular septa


Answer: d

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

a. the volume of the thorax increases
b. the volume of the thorax decreases
c. the volume of the lungs decreases
d. the lungs shrink
e. expiration occurs


Answer: a

They branch from the trachea at the carina

They branch from the trachea at the carina

a. terminal bronchioles
b. secondary bronchi
c. tertiary bronchi
d. primary bronchi
e. alveolar ducts


Answer: d

The glottis is

The glottis is 

a. the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate
b. a flap of elastic cartilage
c. the opening to the larynx
d. the opening to the pharynx
e. part of the hard palate


Answer: c

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

a. lungs
b. lobes of the lungs
c. lobules of the lungs
d. alveoli
e. alveolar ducts


Answer: b

The opening to the nostrils are the

The opening to the nostrils are the

a. external nares
b. internal nares
c. vestibules
d. conchae
e. nasal apertures


Answer: a

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the 

a. larynx
b. glottis
c. vestibule
d. pharynx
e. trachea


Answer: d

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following, except the

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following, except the

a. lips
b. nose
c. nasal cavity
d. pharynx
e. paranasal sinuses


Answer: a