Why do mutations appear more often with selective breeding?

Why do mutations appear more often with selective breeding?

A - They are selected for a desirable trait
B - Genetic diversity is increased
C - Desirable traits are only beneficial if mutations occur too
D - Genetic diversity is decreased
E - They will eventually disappear over time so they are not a problem


Answer: D - Genetic diversity is decreased
Genetic diversity is greatly decreased through the inbreeding process (breeding of closing related species) which mutations that are normally selected against will be selected.

Our modern corn was created through artificial selection from the ancestral plant

Our modern corn was created through artificial selection from the ancestral plant

A - Alfalfa
B - Chihuahua
C - Wheat
D - Teosinte


Answer: D - Teosinte

What is the main difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

What is the main difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

A - Individuals choose to adapt in natural selection but are forced to adapt in artificial selection
B - Artificial selection is a deliberate act by humans, while natural selection is a naturally occurring process
C - Artificial selection is a naturally occurring process, while natural selection is a deliberate act by humans
D - They are the same process and the names are interchangeable
E - Artificial selection can only occur after natural selection has occurred,. while natural selection can occur at any time


Answer: B - Artificial selection is a deliberate act by humans, while natural selection is a naturally occurring process

Which is NOT a trait that might be selected for through artificial selection?

Which is NOT a trait that might be selected for through artificial selection?

A - Decreased disease resistance
B - Accelerated growth
C - Faster running speeds
D - Increased growth rate


Answer: A - Decreased disease resistance
It is a breeding for desired traits only.

Artificial selection is also known as

Artificial selection is also known as

A - Out-breeding
B - Mutation breeding
C - Rapid evolution
D - Selective breeding
E - Natural selection


Answer: D - Selective breeding
ARTIFICIAL selection is when specific traits are deliberately selected for or against by humans.

What best describes natural selection?

What best describes natural selection?

A - Organisms with lighter coloration are more likely to survive and reproduce
B - Organisms best suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
C - Organisms that can willfully change to fir their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
D - Organisms with darker coloration are more likely to survive and reproduce
E - Organisms best suited to their environment are less likely to survive and reproduce


Answer: B - Organisms best suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

What color of moth was most common before the Industrial Revolution?

What color of moth was most common before the Industrial Revolution?

A - Both the light and dark colored moths were common
B - The light-gray colored moth
C - The bright white moth
D - The brown moth with white spots
E - The dark-colored moth


Answer: B - The light-gray colored moth

What best describes directional selection?

What best describes directional selection?

A - Natural selection in the direction of one trait extreme to another
B - Natural selection for dark colors
C - Natural selection over short time periods
D - Natural selection of a blended trait somewhere in the middle of the extremes
E - Natural selection in the direction of both trait extremes


Answer: A - Natural selection in the direction of one trait extreme to another

How did the Industrial Revolution help the dark-colored moths become more common?

How did the Industrial Revolution help the dark-colored moths become more common?

A - It reduced predation on the light-colored moths
B - It lightened the trees, providing moths better camouflage
C - It c=decreased the number of birds in the environment so predation of moths was less
D - It blackened the trees, providing moths better camouflage
E - It actually increased predation on the dark-colored moths


Answer: D - It blackened the trees, providing moths better camouflage

Why is the peppered moth phenomenon uncommon?

Why is the peppered moth phenomenon uncommon?

A - Adaptations normally occur over very short periods of time
B - Moths can fly away to new environments where they re better camouflaged
C - Adaptations normally occur over very long periods of time
D - Moths rarely adapt to their environment


Answer: C - Adaptations normally occur over very long periods of time
Normally, adaptation occurs over thousands or millions of years, unless something changes about the environment.

What is true about random mutations?

What is true about random mutations?

A - They are always positive
B - They introduce new variation into a population
C - They make measuring variation possible
D - They are always negative
E - They remove variation from a population


Answer: B - They introduce new variation into a population
RANDOM MUTATIONS are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and are critical components of evolution because they create genetic variation.

Genetic variability describes which of the following?

Genetic variability describes which of the following?

A - How likely a variation is to be hereditary
B - The potential for a characteristic to vary within a population
C - The amount of variation within a population
D - How harmful a mutation will be to an individual
E - The prevalence of random mutations within a population


Answer: B - The potential for a characteristic to vary within a population
GENETIC VARIABILITY is the potential for a characteristic to vary within a population, which can be measured. It is different from genetic variation because instead of measuring the actual variation it measures how the trait will vary. It is directly related to biodiversity and evolution because a population needs enough of it to adapt and evolve to environmental changes.

Why is evolution best described as an editing process?

Why is evolution best described as an editing process?

A - It creates "fitter" organisms
B - It selects for individuals with traits best suited for the future environment
C - It selects the best individuals
D - It selects for individuals that will be better able to adapt to environmental changes
E - It selects for individuals with traits best suited for the current environment


Answer: E - It selects for individuals with traits best suited for the current environment
Evolution is selecting the individuals with the traits that are best suited for the current environment.

What best describes genetic variation?

What best describes genetic variation?

A - The potential for a characteristic to vary within a population
B - The amount of variation in an individual's DNA
C - Naturally occurring genetic differences among individuals
D - The number of mutations within a population
E - A population that is genetically different from a nearby population


Answer: C - Naturally occurring genetic differences among individuals
GENETIC VARIATION measures the actual amount of variation in a population

Which is true about evolution?

Which is true about evolution?

A - It creates genetic variation
B - It occurs within a population
C - It occurs among individuals
D - It decreases genetic variability
E - It creates random mutations


Answer: B - It occurs within a population

A postzygotic __________ is a mechanism that reduces the viability or reproductive capacity of hybrid offspring.

A postzygotic __________ is a mechanism that reduces the viability or reproductive capacity of hybrid offspring.

A - Reproductive barrier
B - high hybrid infertility
C - low hybrid viability
D - hybrid infertility
E - Hybrid zygote abnormality


Answer: A - Reproductive barrier

A scientist mates a blue population of lizards with a red population of lizards. She observes that one out of ten hybrid offspring survive to adulthood compared to roughly, eight out of ten blue or red lizards. This is an example of

A scientist mates a blue population of lizards with a red population of lizards. She observes that one out of ten hybrid offspring survive to adulthood compared to roughly, eight out of ten blue or red lizards. This is an example of

A - Mechanical isolation
B - Hybrid zygote abnormality
C - Hybrid infertility
D - Low hybrid viability
E - Gametic isolation


Answer: D - Low hybrid viability
This is when the viability (ability to live) of the hybrid is significantly lower than the parents.

A farmer mates a goat and a sheep together. However, he finds he cannot use this hybrid animal to produce any new hybrids. This is an example of

A farmer mates a goat and a sheep together. However, he finds he cannot use this hybrid animal to produce any new hybrids. This is an example of

A - Hybrid infertility
B - Gametic isolation
C - Low hybrid viability
D - Mechanical isolation
E - Hybrid zygote abnormality


Answer: A - Hybrid infertility
This is when the hybrids are sterile.

A scientist mates two different organisms, She observes no offspring. A closer inspection reveals that the hybrid embryo does not develop properly. This is an example of

A scientist mates two different organisms, She observes no offspring. A closer inspection reveals that the hybrid embryo does not develop properly. This is an example of

A - Gametic isolation
B - Low hybrid viability
C - Hybrid infertility
D - Hybrid zygote abnormality
E - Mechanical isolation


Answer: D - Hybrid zygote abnormality
This is when the hybrid zygote fails to mature normally, normally this means they die during development.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

A - A prezygotic reproductive barrier reduces the reproductive capacity of hybrid offspring
B - Both prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms influence the speciation of a population
C - If two organisms can produce a viable hybrid, the parental organisms are not different species
D - Gametic isolation is a postzygotic reproductive barrier
E - Low hybrid viability is a form of prezygotic isolation


Answer: B - Both prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms influence the speciation of a population
POSTZYGOTIC reproductive barriers occur after the zygote has formed, meaning they either reduce the viability or the reproductive capacity of the hybrid.
PREZYGOTIC reproductive barriers do not cause speciation since they happen before the zygote is formed.