A) enhance atrial contractions
B) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism
C) prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
D) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
Answer: D
A) antidiuretic hormone
B) erythropoietin
C) aldosterone
D) renin
Answer: C
A) the feeling one might have after profuse sweating with exertion
B) the unpleasant feeling people have after drinking too much liquor
C) a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water
D) a condition that is caused by high levels of sodium in the extracellular fluid compartment
Answer: C
A) calcium ions
B) potassium ions
C) hydrogen ions
D) sodium ions
Answer: D
A) neuromuscular activity
B) membrane permeability
C) secretory activity
D) anabolism of lipids
Answer: D
A) age
B) body mass
C) amount of body fat
D) amount of water ingested
Answer: D
A) a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids
B) a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction
C) a runner has completed a very long marathon
D) the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions
Answer: B
A) iron
B) chloride
C) potassium
D) bicarbonate
Answer: C
A) iron
B) sodium
C) magnesium
D) bicarbonate
Answer: B
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) water levels
D) glucocorticoids
Answer: B
A) requires active transport
B) is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
C) requires ATP for the transport to take place
D) involves filtration
Answer: B
A) phosphate
B) hemoglobin
C) bicarbonate
D) protein
Answer: C
A) the potassium ion content in the renal tubule cells
B) the pH of the ICF
C) intracellular sodium levels
D) potassium ion concentration in blood plasma
Answer: D
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) atrial natriuretic peptide
D) thyroxine
Answer: C
A) sympathetic stimulation
B) decreased filtrate NaCl concentration
C) decreased stretch due to decreased blood pressure
D) increased extracellular fluid water levels
Answer: D
A) bicarbonate
B) phosphate
C) nucleic acid
D) protein
Answer: C
A) chemical buffer systems
B) diet
C) respiratory changes
D) renal mechanism
Answer: B
A) is due to specific sodium receptors in the hypothalamus
B) is linked to blood pressure
C) involves aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium excretion in the kidneys
D) involves hypothalamic osmoreceptor detection of ion concentration
A) aldosterone
B) progesterone
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
Answer: C
A) Nonelectrolytes are the controlling factor in directing fluid shifts.
B) Electrolytes are not as important as proteins in regulating fluid shifts in the body.
C) Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.
D) There are always more positive electrolytes than negative in a solution; it is therefore impossible to follow fluid shifts.
Answer: C
