A) human behavior is rigidly determined by inheritance.
B) humans cannot choose to change their social behavior.
C) much human behavior has evolved by natural selection.
D) the social behavior of humans has many similarities to that of social insects such as honeybees.
E) the environment plays a larger role than genes in shaping human behavior.
Answer: C
A) monogamy
B) polygyny
C) polyandry
D) promiscuity
E) certainty of paternity
Answer: C
A) natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist.
B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the beneficiary, correct for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist.
C) natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling.
D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals.
E) altruism is always reciprocal.
Answer: B
A) addition of new syllables to a canary's song repertoire.
B) crystallization of subsong into adult songs.
C) sensitive period in which canary parents imprint on new offspring.
D) renewal of mating and nest-building behaviors.
E) elimination of the memorized template for songs sung the previous year.
Answer: A
A) the behavioral difference is caused by genetic differences between populations.
B) members of different populations have different nutritional requirements.
C) the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations.
D) members of different populations differ in learning ability.
E) members of different populations differ in manual dexterity.
Answer: C
A) In each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes.
B) The behavior varies among individuals.
C) An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed.
D) Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited.
E) An individual's genotype influences its behavioral phenotype.
Answer: A
A) E. O. Wilson
B) Jane Goodall
C) J. B. S. Haldane
D) Niko Tinbergen
E) William Hamilton
Answer: A
A) E. O. Wilson
B) Jane Goodall
C) J. B. S. Haldane
D) Niko Tinbergen
E) William Hamilton
Answer: E
A) Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors.
B) Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population.
C) Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals.
D) Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions.
E) Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals.
Answer: D
A) have excess energy reserves.
B) be bigger and stronger than the other animals.
C) be genetically related to the other animals.
D) be male.
E) have defective genes controlling their behavior.
Answer: C
A) aggression between sexes promotes the survival of the fittest individuals.
B) genes enhance survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes.
C) companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other.
D) critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen, like other traits, through natural selection.
E) natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants.
Answer: B
A) Males have smaller vocal cords and are less likely to make sounds.
B) Females invest more in foraging and food stores, so they are more defensive.
C) Females settle in the area in which they were born, so the calling females are warning kin.
D) The sex ratio is biased.
E) Males forage alone; therefore, alarm calls are useless.
Answer: C
A) human behavior is rigidly predetermined.
B) the behavior of an individual cannot be modified.
C) our behavior consists mainly of fixed action patterns.
D) most aspects of our social behavior have an evolutionary basis.
E) the social behavior of humans is homologous to the social behavior of honeybees.
Answer: D
A) altruism
B) polygamy
C) monogamy
D) polygyny
E) polyandry
Answer: A
A) a father to his daughter
B) a mother to her son
C) an uncle to his nephew
D) a brother to his brother
E) a sister to her brother
Answer: C
A) Karl von Frisch
B) Niko Tinbergen
C) Konrad Lorenz
D) William Hamilton
E) Ivan Pavlov
Answer: D
A) parental investment
B) inclusive fitness
C) associative learning
D) reciprocal altruism
E) kin selection
Answer: C
A) population size.
B) care required by young.
C) certainty of paternity.
D) B and C only
E) A, B , and C
Answer: D
A) agonistic behavior
B) territorial behavior
C) learned behavior
D) social behavior
E) fixed action pattern
Answer: A
A) fixed action pattern
B) pheromones
C) sign stimulus
D) hormones
E) optimal foraging
Answer: E
