A major transport lipoprotein that has 92% lipid and 8% protein is a(n)

A major transport lipoprotein that has 92% lipid and 8% protein is a(n)

a. Chylomicron.
b. HDL (high-density lipoprotein).
c. LDL (low-density lipoprotein).
d. VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein).



Answer: D


Feedback :  VLDL's are 92% lipid and 8% protein.

Arrange these events in the order in which they occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport: 1. chylomicrons enter lacteals 2. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol coated with protein 3. fatty acids and glycerol packaged into micelles 4. bile salts emulsify fats 5. lipase digests fat

Arrange these events in the order in which they occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport:
1. chylomicrons enter lacteals
2. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol coated with protein
3. fatty acids and glycerol packaged into micelles
4. bile salts emulsify fats
5. lipase digests fat

a. 1,2,4,5,3
b. 2,5,4,3,1
c. 3,5,4,1,2
d. 4,5,3,2,1
e. 5,3,4,1,2


Answer: D


Feedback :  The sequence of events, which occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport, is: 4,5,3,2,1.

All of these occur in the large intestine EXCEPT:

All of these occur in the large intestine EXCEPT:

a. large numbers of bacteria utilize undigested food.
b. fatty acids are absorbed.
c. vitamin K is produced.
d. sodium and water are absorbed.
e. mucus is produced.


Answer: B


Feedback :  The absorption of fatty acids does not occur in the large intestine; however, the utilization of undigested food by bacteria, the production of vitamin K, the absorption of water and sodium, and mucus production all occur in the large intestine.

Which of these hormones causes contraction of the gall bladder?

Which of these hormones causes contraction of the gall bladder?

a. cholecystokinin
b. gastrin
c. gastric inhibitory polypeptide
d. secretin
e. zymogen


Answer: A



Feedback :  Cholecystokinin causes contraction of the gallbladder.

All of these are enzymes that digest protein EXCEPT

All of these are enzymes that digest protein EXCEPT

a. lipase.
b. carboxypeptidase.
c. chymotrypsin.
d. pepsin.
e. trypsin.


Answer: A


Feedback :  Lipase digests lipids not proteins. Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin all digest proteins.

The __________ secretes peptidases and disaccharidases, whereas the __________ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and nucleases.

The __________ secretes peptidases and disaccharidases, whereas the __________ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and nucleases.

a. stomach, liver
b. stomach, small intestine
c. liver, small intestine
d. liver, pancreas
e. small intestine, pancreas


Answer: E


Feedback :  The small intestine secretes peptidases and disaccharidases; the pancreas secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and nucleases.

Duodenal gland secretion is stimulated by

Duodenal gland secretion is stimulated by

a. stimulation of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
b. amylase.
c. chemical (acid) or tactile stimulation.
d. gastric inhibitory polypeptide.
e. the duodenocolic reflex.


Answer: C



Feedback :  Duodenal gland secretion is stimulated by chemical (acid) or tactile stimulation.

Which of these inhibits secretion and motility of the stomach?

Which of these inhibits secretion and motility of the stomach?

a. enterogastric reflex
b. parasympathetic stimulation
c. gastrin
d. intrinsic factor
e. distention of stomach wall


Answer: A



Feedback :  The enterogastric reflex, consisting of a local reflex and a reflex integrated within the medulla oblongata, inhibits gastric secretion and motility. It results from distension of the duodenal wall, presence of irritating substances in the duodenum, reduced pH and hypertonic or hypotonic solutions in the duodenum.

Which of these conditions causes inhibition of gastric secretion?

Which of these conditions causes inhibition of gastric secretion?

a. hypotonic or hypertonic solution in the duodenum
b. distention of the duodenal wall
c. pH less than 2 in the duodenum
d. fats in the duodenum
e. all of these


Answer: E



Feedback :  Gastric secretion is inhibited by various conditions, they include: hypotonic or hypertonic solutions in the duodenum, distention of the duodenal wall, pH less than 2 in the duodenum and fats in the duodenum.

The "pyloric pump" describes

The "pyloric pump" describes

a. food movement through the esophagus into the stomach.
b. chyme moving from the stomach into the small intestine.
c. undigested food moving through the ileocecal valve.
d. feces moving through the internal anal sphincter.
e. gastrin, HCl, and pepsinogen being secreted from duodenal glands.



Answer: B



Feedback :  The "pyloric pump" describes the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.

Gastrin secretion is stimulated by

Gastrin secretion is stimulated by

a. duodenal pH greater than 3.
b. secretin.
c. cholecystokinin.
d. gastric inhibitory polypeptide.
e. all of these



Answer: A

Feedback :  Gastrin secretion is stimulated by duodenal pH greater than 3.

The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the

The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the

a. cephalic phase.
b. gastric phase.
c. intestinal phase.
d. colic phase.


Answer: B


Feedback :  The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the gastric phase.

The mucosal lining of the large intestine contains predominantly

The mucosal lining of the large intestine contains predominantly

a. absorptive cells.
b. endocrine cells.
c. goblet cells.
d. granular cells.
e. parietal cells.


Answer: C


Feedback :  The predominant cell in the mucosal lining of the large intestine is the goblet cell.

Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that run the length of the colon are called

Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that run the length of the colon are called

a. haustra.
b. epiploic appendages.
c. intestinal glands.
d. teniae coli.
e. vermiform appendixes.



Answer: D


Feedback :  Teniae coli are the bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that run the length of the colon.

Given these structures: 1. cecum 2. descending colon 3. rectum 4. sigmoid colon 5. transverse colon Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order food passes through them from the small intestine to the anus.

Given these structures:
1. cecum
2. descending colon
3. rectum
4. sigmoid colon
5. transverse colon
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order food passes through them from the small intestine to the anus.

a. 1,2,3,4,5
b. 1,5,2,4,3
c. 2,5,1,3,4
d. 3,1,5,2,4
e. 4,2,1,5,3


Answer: B



Feedback :  The sequence of structures that food passes through from the small intestines to the anus is: 1, 5, 2, 4, 3.

The acini of the pancreas produce

The acini of the pancreas produce

a. digestive enzymes.
b. glucagon.
c. insulin.
d. mucus.
e. both b and c



Answer: A



Feedback :  The acini of the pancreas produce digestive enzymes.

In the liver, blood from the __________ and the hepatic artery flow into the hepatic sinusoids and become mixed.

In the liver, blood from the __________ and the hepatic artery flow into the hepatic sinusoids and become mixed.

a. bile canaliculi
b. central vein
c. hepatic ducts
d. hepatic portal vein
e. hepatic vein



Answer: D


Feedback :  In the liver, blood from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery flow into the hepatic sinusoids and become mixed.

All of these are functions of the liver EXCEPT:

All of these are functions of the liver EXCEPT:

a. biotransformation of molecules.
b. production of digestive enzymes.
c. storage of glycogen, fat, vitamins, and iron.
d. synthesis of bile.
e. synthesis of blood components.


Answer: B


Feedback :  The liver functions in the biotransformation of molecules, the storage of glycogen, fat, vitamins and iron, the synthesis of bile, and the production of blood components. It does not function in the production of digestive enzymes.

The most nutrient absorption takes place in the

The most nutrient absorption takes place in the

a. duodenum and jejunum.
b. stomach and duodenum.
c. jejunum and ileum.
d. esophagus and stomach.
e. ileum and cecum.


Answer: A


Feedback :  Most nutrient absorption takes place in the duodenum and jejunum.

Arrange these parts of the small intestine in order from largest number of villi and circular folds to smallest number of villi and circular folds. 1. duodenum 2. ileum 3. jejunum

Arrange these parts of the small intestine in order from largest number of villi and circular folds to smallest number of villi and circular folds.
1. duodenum
2. ileum
3. jejunum

a. 1,2,3
b. 1,3,2
c. 2,1,3
d. 2,3,1
e. 3,2,1



Answer: B


Feedback :  In sequence, the parts of the small intestines having the largest number of villi and circular folds to those having the least are: 1, 3, 2.