In a large case-control study of patients with pancreatic cancer, 17% of the patients were found to be diabetic at the time of diagnosis, compared to 4% of a well-matched control group (matched by age, sex, ethnic group, and several other characteristics) that was examined for diabetes at the same time as the cases were diagnosed. It was concluded that the diabetes played a causal role in the pancreatic cancer. This conclusion:

In a large case-control study of patients with pancreatic cancer, 17% of the patients were found to be diabetic at the time of diagnosis, compared to 4% of a well-matched control group (matched by age, sex, ethnic group, and several other characteristics) that was examined for diabetes at the same time as the cases were diagnosed. It was concluded that the diabetes played a causal role in the pancreatic cancer. This conclusion:

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In a large case-control study of patients with pancreatic cancer, 17% of the patients were found to be diabetic at the time of diagnosis, compared to 4% of a well-matched control group (matched by age, sex, ethnic group, and several other characteristics) that was examined for diabetes at the same time as the cases were diagnosed. It was concluded that the diabetes played a causal role in the pancreatic cancer. This conclusion:



a. Is correct

b. May be incorrect because there is no control or comparison group

c. May be incorrect because of failure to establish the time sequence between onset of the diabetes and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

d. May be incorrect because of less complete ascertainment of diabetes in the pancreatic cancer cases

e. May be incorrect because of more complete ascertainment of pancreatic cancer in nondiabetic persons



Answer: c. May be incorrect because of failure to establish the time sequence between onset of the diabetes and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer


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