The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on
A. proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption.
B. a high medullary concentration gradient.
C. osmosis.
D. rapid removal of filtrate.
E. a low medullary concentration gradient.
Answer: B. a high medullary concentration gradient.
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Biology Chapter 26
- Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.
- Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
- The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________.
- The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
- Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body?
- Total body water is not a function of which of the following?
- Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.
- Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
- Newborn infants have a relatively higher ________ content in their ECF than do adults.
- Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
- The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.
- The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.
- The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ________.
- What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
- Which of the following is not a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?
- Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?
- Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?
- The regulation of sodium ________.
- Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys?
- Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?
- Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted French fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?
- One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________.
- A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?
- Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
- Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance?