A countercurrent mechanism is in
A. the afferent and efferent arterioles.
B. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
C. the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D. the loop of Henle only.
E. both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
Answer: E. both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
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Biology Chapter 26
- Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.
- Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
- The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________.
- The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
- Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body?
- Total body water is not a function of which of the following?
- Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.
- Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
- Newborn infants have a relatively higher ________ content in their ECF than do adults.
- Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
- The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.
- The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.
- The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ________.
- What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
- Which of the following is not a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?
- Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?
- Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?
- The regulation of sodium ________.
- Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys?
- Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?
- Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted French fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?
- One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________.
- A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?
- Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
- Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance?