Programmed cell death, or __________, takes place particularly in parts of the body where the cells are likely to accumulate significant genetic damage over time and are therefore at high risk of becoming cancerous.

Programmed cell death, or __________, takes place particularly in parts of the body where the cells are likely to accumulate significant genetic damage...

Hermaphrodites are organisms such as earthworms and garden snails that produce both male and female _________.

Hermaphrodites are organisms such as earthworms and garden snails that produce both male and female _________. Answer: gamet...

Using a light microscope, it is easiest to see chromosomes:

Using a light microscope, it is easiest to see chromosomes: a) during mitosis and meiosis because the condensed chromosomes are thicker and therefore...

What type of chromosomal abnormality leads to the phenotype known as Down syndrome?

What type of chromosomal abnormality leads to the phenotype known as Down syndrome? a) trisomy 22 b) trisomy 21 c) monosomy 21 d) monosomy 22 e)Either...

There are 40 individuals in population 1, all with genotype A1A1, and there are 25 individuals in population 2, all with genotype A2A2. Assume that these populations are located far from each other and that their environmental conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed genetic variation is most likely an example of

There are 40 individuals in population 1, all with genotype A1A1, and there are 25 individuals in population 2, all with genotype A2A2. Assume that...

Swine are vulnerable to infection by bird flu virus and human flu virus, which can both be present in an individual pig at the same time. When this occurs, it is possible for genes from bird flu virus and human flu virus to be combined. If the human flu virus contributes a gene for Tamiflu resistance (Tamiflu is an antiviral drug) to the new virus, and if the new virus is introduced to an environment lacking Tamiflu, then what is most likely to occur?

Swine are vulnerable to infection by bird flu virus and human flu virus, which can both be present in an individual pig at the same time. When this...

The volcano is currently dormant, but in a hypothetical future scenario, satellite cones at the base of Mt. Kilimanjaro spew sulfurous gases and lava, destroying all life located between the base and 6,000 feet above sea level. As a result of this catastrophe, how should the frequency of the sickle-cell allele change in the remnant human population that survives above 6,000 feet, and which phenomenon accounts for this change in allele frequency?

The volcano is currently dormant, but in a hypothetical future scenario, satellite cones at the base of Mt. Kilimanjaro spew sulfurous gases and lava,...

Which of these is closest to the allele frequency in the founding population?

In the year 2500, five male space colonists and five female space colonists (all unrelated to each other) settle on an uninhabited Earthlike planet in...

In those parts of equatorial Africa where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the ß hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool.

In those parts of equatorial Africa where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the ß hemoglobin alleles in...

What proportion of the population is probably heterozygous (Aa) for this trait?

A large population of laboratory animals has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations. After several generations, 25% of the animals...

HIV's genome of RNA includes the code for reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that acts early in infection to synthesize a DNA genome off of an RNA template. The HIV genome also codes for protease (PR), an enzyme that acts later in infection by cutting long viral polyproteins into smaller, functional proteins. Both RT and PR represent potential targets for antiretroviral drugs. Drugs called nucleoside analogs (NA) act against RT, whereas drugs called protease inhibitors (PI) act against PR.

HIV's genome of RNA includes the code for reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that acts early in infection to synthesize a DNA genome off of an RNA...

There are those who claim that the theory of evolution cannot be true because the apes, which are supposed to be closely related to humans, do not likewise share the same large brains, capacity for complicated speech, and tool-making capability. They reason that if these features are generally beneficial, then the apes should have evolved them as well. Which of these provides the best argument against this misconception?

There are those who claim that the theory of evolution cannot be true because the apes, which are supposed to be closely related to humans, do not likewise...

A proficient engineer can easily design skeletal structures that are more functional than those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals as horses, whales, and bats. The actual forelimbs of these mammals do not seem to be optimally arranged because

A proficient engineer can easily design skeletal structures that are more functional than those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals...

The same gene that causes various coat patterns in wild and domesticated cats also causes the cross-eyed condition in these cats, the cross-eyed condition being slightly maladaptive. In a hypothetical environment, the coat pattern that is associated with crossed eyes is highly adaptive, with the result that both the coat pattern and the cross-eyed condition increase in a feline population over time. Which statement is supported by these observations?

The same gene that causes various coat patterns in wild and domesticated cats also causes the cross-eyed condition in these cats, the cross-eyed condition...

When imbalances occur in the sex ratio of sexual species that have two sexes (i.e., other than a 50:50 ratio), the members of the minority sex often receive a greater proportion of care and resources from parents than do the offspring of the majority sex. This is most clearly an example of

When imbalances occur in the sex ratio of sexual species that have two sexes (i.e., other than a 50:50 ratio), the members of the minority sex often...

In seedcracker finches from Cameroon, small- and large-billed birds specialize in cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. If long-term climatic change resulted in all seeds becoming hard, what type of selection would then operate on the finch population?

In seedcracker finches from Cameroon, small- and large-billed birds specialize in cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. If long-term climatic...

Heterozygote advantage should be most closely linked to which of the following?

Heterozygote advantage should be most closely linked to which of the following?  A) sexual selection B) stabilizing selection C) random selection D)...

The recessive allele that causes phenylketonuria (PKU) is harmful, except when an infant's diet lacks the amino acid phenylalanine. What maintains the presence of this harmful allele in a population's gene pool?

The recessive allele that causes phenylketonuria (PKU) is harmful, except when an infant's diet lacks the amino acid phenylalanine. What maintains the...

Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer, or more, than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this situation?

Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer, or more, than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following...

Which of the following is most likely to produce an African butterfly species in the wild whose members have one of two strikingly different color patterns?

Which of the following is most likely to produce an African butterfly species in the wild whose members have one of two strikingly different color patterns?  A)...

Which of the following statements best summarizes evolution as it is viewed today?

Which of the following statements best summarizes evolution as it is viewed today?  A) It represents the result of selection for acquired characteristics. B)...

Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth of the larynx. If one excludes the involvement of gender in the situation, then the pattern that is apparent in the fossil record is most similar to one that should be expected from

Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth...

Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth of the larynx. If the fossil records of apes and humans alike show a trend toward decreasing larynx size in adult females and increasing larynx size in adult males, then

Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth...

During breeding season, one should expect female house finches to prefer to mate with males with the brightest red feathers. Which of the following terms are appropriately applied to this situation?

During breeding season, one should expect female house finches to prefer to mate with males with the brightest red feathers. Which of the following...

In the wild, male house finches (Carpodus mexicanus) vary considerably in the amount of red pigmentation in their head and throat feathers, with colors ranging from pale yellow to bright red. These colors come from carotenoid pigments that are found in the birds' diets; no vertebrates are known to synthesize carotenoid pigments. Thus, the brighter red the male's feathers are, the more successful he has been at acquiring the red carotenoid pigment by his food-gathering efforts (all other factors being equal). During breeding season, one should expect female house finches to prefer to mate with males with the brightest red feathers. Which of the following is true of this situation?

In the wild, male house finches (Carpodus mexicanus) vary considerably in the amount of red pigmentation in their head and throat feathers, with colors...

Sexual dimorphism is most often a result of

Sexual dimorphism is most often a result of  A) pansexual selection. B) stabilizing selection. C) intrasexual selection. D) intersexual selection. E)...

Arrange the following from most general (i.e., most inclusive) to most specific (i.e., least inclusive):

Arrange the following from most general (i.e., most inclusive) to most specific (i.e., least inclusive):  1. natural selection 2. microevolution 3....

The restriction enzymes of bacteria protect the bacteria from successful attack by bacteriophages, whose genomes can be degraded by the restriction enzymes. The bacterial genomes are not vulnerable to these restriction enzymes because bacterial DNA is methylated. This situation selects for bacteriophages whose genomes are also methylated. As new strains of resistant bacteriophages become more prevalent, this in turn selects for bacteria whose genomes are not methylated and whose restriction enzymes instead degrade methylated DNA. Over the course of evolutionary time, what should occur?

The restriction enzymes of bacteria protect the bacteria from successful attack by bacteriophages, whose genomes can be degraded by the restriction...

The restriction enzymes of bacteria protect the bacteria from successful attack by bacteriophages, whose genomes can be degraded by the restriction enzymes. The bacterial genomes are not vulnerable to these restriction enzymes because bacterial DNA is methylated. This situation selects for bacteriophages whose genomes are also methylated. As new strains of resistant bacteriophages become more prevalent, this in turn selects for bacteria whose genomes are not methylated and whose restriction enzymes instead degrade methylated DNA. The outcome of the conflict between bacteria and bacteriophage at any point in time results from

The restriction enzymes of bacteria protect the bacteria from successful attack by bacteriophages, whose genomes can be degraded by the restriction...

What is true of natural selection?

What is true of natural selection?  A) Natural selection is a random process. B) Natural selection creates beneficial mutations. C) The only...

If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galápagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South American finches, even before adapting to the Galápagos, this would have been an example of

If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galápagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population...

The production of new types of flu virus in the manner described above is most similar to the phenomenon of

Swine are vulnerable to infection by bird flu virus and human flu virus, which can both be present in an individual pig at the same time. When this occurs,...

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing  A) nonrandom...

Evolution

Evolution  A) must happen, due to organisms' innate desire to survive. B) must happen whenever a population is not well-adapted to its environment. C)...

In peas, a gene controls flower color such that R = purple and r = white. In an isolated pea patch, there are 36 purple-flowering plants and 64 white-flowering plants. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the value of q for this population?

In peas, a gene controls flower color such that R = purple and r = white. In an isolated pea patch, there are 36 purple-flowering plants and 64 white-flowering...

You sample a population of butterflies and find that 56% are heterozygous at a particular locus. What should be the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?

You sample a population of butterflies and find that 56% are heterozygous at a particular locus. What should be the frequency of the recessive allele...

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.1. What is the frequency of individuals with AA genotype?

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.1. What is the frequency of individuals...

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.2. What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele?

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.2. What is the percentage of the population...

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.3. What is the percentage of the population that is homozygous for this allele?

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.3. What is the percentage of the...

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium must occur in populations wherein

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium must occur in populations wherein  A) an allele remains fixed. B) no genetic variation exists. C) natural selection...

In the formula for determining a population's genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is necessary because

In the formula for determining a population's genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is necessary because  A) the population is diploid. B)...

In the formula for determining a population's genotype frequencies, the 2 in the term 2pq is necessary because

In the formula for determining a population's genotype frequencies, the 2 in the term 2pq is necessary because  A) the population is diploid. B)...

Whenever diploid populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at a particular locus

Whenever diploid populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at a particular locus  A) the allele's frequency should not change from one generation...

How many of these statements regarding populations are true?

How many of these statements regarding populations are true? 1. Mature males and females of a population can interbreed with each other. 2. Populations...

Which of the following is a true statement concerning genetic variation?

Which of the following is a true statement concerning genetic variation?  A) It is created by the direct action of natural selection. B) It...

Most invertebrates have a cluster of ten similar Hox genes, all located on the same chromosome. Most vertebrates have four such clusters of Hox genes, located on four nonhomologous chromosomes. The process that could have potentially contributed to the cluster's presence on more than one chromosome was ________.

Most invertebrates have a cluster of ten similar Hox genes, all located on the same chromosome. Most vertebrates have four such clusters of Hox genes,...

Rank the following one-base point mutations (from most likely to least likely) with respect to their likelihood of affecting the structure of the corresponding polypeptide:

Rank the following one-base point mutations (from most likely to least likely) with respect to their likelihood of affecting the structure of the corresponding...

Which statement about variation is true?

Which statement about variation is true?  A) All phenotypic variation is the result of genotypic variation. B) All genetic variation produces...

The higher the proportion of loci that are "fixed" in a population, the lower is that population's

The higher the proportion of loci that are "fixed" in a population, the lower is that population's  A) nucleotide variability only. B) genetic...

A trend toward the decrease in the size of plants on the slopes of mountains as altitudes increase is an example of

A trend toward the decrease in the size of plants on the slopes of mountains as altitudes increase is an example of  A) a cline. B) a bottleneck. C)...

In modern terminology, diversity is understood to be a result of genetic variation. Which of the following is a recognized source of variation for evolution?

In modern terminology, diversity is understood to be a result of genetic variation. Which of the following is a recognized source of variation for evolution?  A)...

Although each of the following has a better chance of influencing gene frequencies in small populations than in large populations, which one most consistently requires a small population as a precondition for its occurrence?

Although each of the following has a better chance of influencing gene frequencies in small populations than in large populations, which one most consistently...

Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true?

Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true?  A) Each bird evolved a deeper,...

Which of these variables is likely to undergo the largest change in value as the result of a mutation that introduces a brand-new allele into a population's gene pool at a locus that had formerly been fixed?

Which of these variables is likely to undergo the largest change in value as the result of a mutation that introduces a brand-new allele into a population's...

If, on average, 46% of the loci in a species' gene pool are heterozygous, then the average homozygosity of the species should be

If, on average, 46% of the loci in a species' gene pool are heterozygous, then the average homozygosity of the species should be  A) 23%. B)...

During an individual organism's lifetime, which of these is most likely to help the organism respond properly to changes in its environment?

During an individual organism's lifetime, which of these is most likely to help the organism respond properly to changes in its environment?  A)...

Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treat S. aureus infections in a community, all new infections were caused by MRSA. How can this result best be explained?

Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treat S. aureus infections in a community, all new infections were caused by MRSA. How can this...

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?  A) There is heritable variation among individuals. B)...

If the six ground finch species have evolved most recently, then which of these is the most logical prediction?

If the six ground finch species have evolved most recently, then which of these is the most logical prediction?  A) They should be limited...

A high degree of endemism is most likely in environments that are

A high degree of endemism is most likely in environments that are  A) easily reached and heterogeneous. B) isolated and heterogeneous. C) isolated...

If one wanted to find the largest number of endemic species, one should visit which of the following geological features (assuming each has existed for several millions of years)?

If one wanted to find the largest number of endemic species, one should visit which of the following geological features (assuming each has existed...

It has been observed that organisms on islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. This is taken as evidence that

It has been observed that organisms on islands are different from, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. This is taken...

What is true of pseudogenes?

What is true of pseudogenes?  A) They are composed of RNA, rather than DNA. B) They are the same things as introns. C) They are unrelated genes...

What must be true of any organ that is described as vestigial?

What must be true of any organ that is described as vestigial?  A) It must be analogous to some feature in an ancestor. B) It must be homologous...

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals?

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals)...

Ichthyosaurs were aquatic dinosaurs. Fossils show us that they had dorsal fins and tails, as do fish, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that had neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are

Ichthyosaurs were aquatic dinosaurs. Fossils show us that they had dorsal fins and tails, as do fish, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial...

Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. Which information would best help distinguish between an explanation based on homology versus one based on convergent evolution?

Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. Which information...

Which of the following statements most detracts from the claim that the human appendix is a completely vestigial organ?

Which of the following statements most detracts from the claim that the human appendix is a completely vestigial organ?  A) The appendix can...

Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree?

Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree?  A) None of the organisms depicted...

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?  A) All organisms require energy. B)...

Over evolutionary time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?

Over evolutionary time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind...

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from very similar embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret these similarities?

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from very similar...

If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that

If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that  A) they live in very different habitats. B)...

Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?

Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?  A) cartilage in the dorsal fin of a shark B)...

If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic-resistance genes, then what should happen in environments from which antibiotics are missing?

If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic-resistance genes, then what should happen in environments...

DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have been required for this pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run?

DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects....

In a hypothetical environment, fishes called pike-cichlids are visual predators of algae-eating fish (in other words, they locate their prey by sight). If a population of algae-eaters experiences predation pressure from pike-cichlids, which of the following is least likely to be observed in the algae-eater population over the course of many generations?

In a hypothetical environment, fishes called pike-cichlids are visual predators of algae-eating fish (in other words, they locate their prey by sight)....

The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be considered to be an example of artificial selection because

The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be considered to be an example of artificial selection because  A) humans...

Currently, two extant elephant species (X and Y) are placed in the genus Loxodonta, and a third species (Z) is placed in the genus Elephas. Thus, which statement should be true?

Currently, two extant elephant species (X and Y) are placed in the genus Loxodonta, and a third species (Z) is placed in the genus Elephas. Thus, which...

The role that humans play in artificial selection is to

The role that humans play in artificial selection is to  A) determine who lives and who dies. B) create the genetic variants, which nature then...

If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement?

If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have...

Which of Darwin's ideas had the strongest connection to Darwin having read Malthus's essay on human population growth?

Which of Darwin's ideas had the strongest connection to Darwin having read Malthus's essay on human population growth? A) descent with modification B)...

Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?

Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?  A) genetic variation among individuals B)...

A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of both competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to 80. Which inference(s) about this population might be true?

A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45....

Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection?

Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection?  1....

Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus?

Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus?  A) Technological innovation in agricultural...

Natural selection is based on all of the following except

Natural selection is based on all of the following except  A) genetic variation exists within populations. B) the best-adapted individuals tend...

Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?

Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?  A) All variation between...

Charles Darwin was the first person to propose

Charles Darwin was the first person to propose  A) that evolution occurs. B) a mechanism for how evolution occurs. C) that Earth is older than...

In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of

In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise...

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Cuvier's consideration of fossils found in the vicinity of Paris?

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Cuvier's consideration of fossils found in the vicinity of Paris?  A) extinction of species...

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring...

What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?

What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?  A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging. B)...

With what other idea of his time was Cuvier's theory of catastrophism most in conflict?

With what other idea of his time was Cuvier's theory of catastrophism most in conflict?  A) gradualism B) the fixity of species C) island biogeography D)...

Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of

Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence...

Which of the following statements best describes theories?

Which of the following statements best describes theories?  A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses. B) They are supported by, and...

Which hormone works with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle:

Which hormone works with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle: A) human chorionic gonadotropin B) progesterone C) testosterone D) prolactin E)...

The secondary sex characteristics brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include:

The secondary sex characteristics brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include: A) growth of facial hair B) development of heavy bones C)...

The cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called:

The cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called: A) interstitial cells B) alpha cells C) beta cells D) pancreatic islet cells E) gonadotropic...

Which one of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland:

Which one of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: A) growth hormone B) prolactin C) oxytocin D) luteinizing...

Which of these hormones does NOT play a role in reproduction:

Which of these hormones does NOT play a role in reproduction: A) antidiuretic hormone B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) luteinizing hormone D)...

Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT:

Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT: A) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females B) stimulate growth of facial hair C)...

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is:

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is: A) thymosin B) melatonin C) aldosterone D) progesterone E)...

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is:

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is: A) thymosin B) melatonin C) progesterone D) glucagon E) thyroxine Answer:...

The pineal gland produces

The pineal gland produces A) thymosin B) melatonin C) estrogen D) insulin E) cortisol Answer: ...

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus:

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus: A) polyuria B) polydipsia C) moon face D) polyphagia E) acidosis Answer:...

Insulin causes:

Insulin causes: A) a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose B) an increase in the concentration of blood glucose C) an increase in blood pressure D)...

Insulin works as an antagonist to:

Insulin works as an antagonist to: A) testosterone B) oxytocin C) thyroid hormone D) glucagon E) thymosin Answer: ...

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called:

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called: A) alpha cells B) beta cells C) delta cells D) gamma cells E) theta cells Answer:...

Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines:

Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines: A) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system B) dilation of the small passages...

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of:

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of: A) ADH B) prolactin C) growth hormone D) epinephrine E) melatonin Answer: ...

Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushing's syndrome:

Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushing's syndrome: A) moon face B) bronze skin tones C) buffalo hump D) high blood pressure E) water...

Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT:

Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT: A) help resist long-term stress B) increase blood glucose levels C) decrease edema D) suppress inflammation E)...

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called:

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called: A) cortisone B) renin C) cortisol D)...

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the:

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the: A) pineal gland B) thymus C) parathyroid glands D) adrenal cortex E)...

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to:

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to: A) reabsorb potassium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb calcium D) reabsorb iodine E)...

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla:

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla: A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) cortisone D) glucocorticoids E) epinephrine Answer:...

Which one of the following is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex:

Which one of the following is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex: A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) epinephrine E) aldosterone...

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body:

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body: A) T3 and T4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone C) oxytocin and prolactin D) insulin...

Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to:

Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to: A) cretinism B) dwarfism C) myxedema D) exophthalmos E) acromegaly Answer: ...

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is:

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is: A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) iodine E) bromine Answer: ...

The body's major metabolic hormone is called:

The body's major metabolic hormone is called: A) prolactin B) growth hormone C) adrenaline D) thyroid hormone E) calcitonin Answer: ...

The thyroid gland is located:

The thyroid gland is located: A) above the kidneys B) below the Adam's apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) within the parathyroid...

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of:

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: A) parathyroid hormone (PTH) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) glucagon D) oxytocin E) prolactin (PRL) Answer:...

Which one of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive organs:

Which one of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive organs: A) follicle-stimulating hormone B) adrenocorticotropic...

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of:

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of: A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) growth hormone C) glucagon D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) E) prolactin...

Which one of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin:

Which one of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin: A) stimulation of uterine contractions B) stimulation of breast milk ejection C) stimulation...

An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called:

An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called: A) exophthalmos B) goiter C) cretinism D) myxedema E)...

The hypothalamus is most closely associated with the:

The hypothalamus is most closely associated with the: A) pineal gland B) pituitary gland C) thymus gland D) thyroid gland E) pancreas Answer:...

Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called:

Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called: A) pituitary dwarfism B) Cushing's disease C) acromegaly D)...

The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is:

The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is: A) luteinizing hormone B) prolactin C) follicle-stimulating hormone D)...

Which one of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone:

Which one of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone: A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) antidiuretic...

Growth hormone:

Growth hormone: A) is secreted by the thymus gland B) prevents urine production C) promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles D) is produced...

Tropic hormones:

Tropic hormones: A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones C) stimulate other endocrine...

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called:

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called: A) hormonal stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) neural...

Negative feedback mechanisms regulate:

Negative feedback mechanisms regulate: A) steroid hormones only B) amino acid-based hormones only C) prostaglandin hormones only D) very few hormones E)...

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT:

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT: A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C)...

Prostaglandins are:

Prostaglandins are: A) amino acid-based hormones B) steroid hormones C) lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes D) glycerol hormones E)...

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells:

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells: A) plasma membrane permeability...

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as:

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as: A) effectors B) target cells C) hormones D) neurons E) stimuli Answer:...

Which one of the following is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones:

Which one of the following is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones: A) body coordination B) mobilizing body defenses against stressors C)...

A group of six students has taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used a restriction enzyme known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest.

A group of six students has taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used a restriction enzyme known to cut at zero, one, or two...

Bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow

Bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow  A) in the nutrient broth plus ampicillin, but not in the broth containing...

As genetic technology makes testing for a wide variety of genotypes possible, which of the following is likely to be an increasingly troublesome issue?

As genetic technology makes testing for a wide variety of genotypes possible, which of the following is likely to be an increasingly troublesome issue?  A)...

Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic?

Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic?  A) Most cells with an engineered gene do not produce...

One successful form of gene therapy has involved delivery of an allele for the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) to bone marrow cells of a child with SCID, and delivery of these engineered cells back to the bone marrow of the affected child. What is one major reason for the success of this procedure as opposed to many other efforts at gene therapy?

One successful form of gene therapy has involved delivery of an allele for the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) to bone marrow cells of a child with...

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?  A)...

Genetically engineered plants

Genetically engineered plants  A) are more difficult to engineer than animals. B) include a transgenic rice plant that can help prevent vitamin...

Genetic engineering is being used by the pharmaceutical industry. Which of the following is not currently one of the uses?

Genetic engineering is being used by the pharmaceutical industry. Which of the following is not currently one of the uses?  A) production of...

Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following could still be problems?

Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for...

In recent times, it has been shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS). In order to make this conversion, what has been done to the adult cells?

In recent times, it has been shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS). In order to make this conversion, what has...

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why?

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why?  A) The environment,...

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?  A) Reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells, whereas...

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following is a likely finding?

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following is a likely finding?  A)...

Which of the following is true of embryonic stem cells but not of adult stem cells?

Which of the following is true of embryonic stem cells but not of adult stem cells?  A) They can differentiate into many cell types. B) They...

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following is a likely explanation?

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning there is a wider divergence...