What is the best definition of a vector?

What is the best definition of a vector? a. the way a disease is spread b. an insect that spreads a pathogen c. an animal that spreads a pathogen d....

Which of the following is the correct combination of a terrestrial native aus. plant and its MAIN adaptation to minimizing water loss?

Which of the following is the correct combination of a terrestrial native aus. plant and its MAIN adaptation to minimizing water loss? a. casuarina...

Which of the following is carried in mammalian blood?

Which of the following is carried in mammalian blood? a. salt as ions b. lipids as glucose c. nitrogenous wastes as amino acids d. co2 as haemoglobin Answer:...

Adaptation for reducing water loss in leaves?

Adaptation for reducing water loss in leaves? a. leaf rolling b. bright flowers c. extensive root systems d. sharp spines on leaves Answer:...

Which plant possesses adaptations to the extreme conditions found in an estuarine environment?

Which plant possesses adaptations to the extreme conditions found in an estuarine environment? a. grass b. sedge c. mangrove d. casuarina Answer:...

Before renal dialysis could be developed, knowledge was needed of which 3 bodily processes?

Before renal dialysis could be developed, knowledge was needed of which 3 bodily processes? a. Digestion, Excretion, filtration b. excretion, osmosis,...

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch. As the temperature rises, the activity of this enzyme will

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch. As the temperature rises, the activity of this enzyme will (A) increase until the enzyme...

What is a role of the kidney in the excretory system of mammals?

What is a role of the kidney in the excretory system of mammals? (A)To remove salt from the body and to keep water in the body (B)To remove water...

An Australian insect produces uric acid and no other form of nitrogenous waste. What is the purpose of this adaptation?

An Australian insect produces uric acid and no other form of nitrogenous waste. What is the purpose of this adaptation? (A) To increase salt loss (B)...

What is the function of water from the xylem in translocation?

What is the function of water from the xylem in translocation? (A) causes a build up of pressure. (B) allows adhesion for capillarity. (C) provides...

How are lipids transported in mammalian blood?

How are lipids transported in mammalian blood? (A) They are attached to proteins. (B) They are dissolved in the blood. (C) They are part of the membrane...

An increase or decrease in the salt concentration in interstitial fluids triggers a response so that the concentration returns to a set value. What is this mechanism called?

An increase or decrease in the salt concentration in interstitial fluids triggers a response so that the concentration returns to a set value. What...

Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?

Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate? A) juxtaglomerular cells B) mesangial cells C)...

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion? A) angiotensin II and ADH B) angiotensin...

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method? A) renal autoregulation B) neural regulation C) electrolyte levels D)...

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption? A) ADH B) thyroxine C) aldosterone D) atrial natriuretic peptide Answer:...

Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?

Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron? A) macula densa B) principal cell C) vasa recta D) nephron loop Answer:...

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A) help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys B)...

Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion?

Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion? A) disposing of substances not already in the filtrate, such as certain...

Select the correct statement about urinary system development.

Select the correct statement about urinary system development. A) Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges. B) The metanephric ducts will become the...

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the ________.

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the ________. A) thin segment is freely permeable to water B) thick segment is permeable to water C) thin...

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH? A) by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate B)...

Excretion of dilute urine requires ________.

Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. A) relative permeability of the distal tubule to water B) impermeability of the collecting tubule to...

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean?

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean? A) The glucose molecule is too large to be filtered out of the blood. B)...

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will ________.

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will ________. A)...

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________.

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________. A) colloid osmotic pressure of the blood B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure C)...

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)?

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)? A) Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless...

Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus? A) pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros B) mesonephros,...

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop? A) form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine B)...

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________.

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) passive transport C)...

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption?

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption? A) It occurs via transcellular or paracellular routes. B) It is a reclamation process. C)...

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular complex?

Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular complex? A) granular cells B) macula densa C) podocyte cells D) mesangial cells Answer:...

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal? A) Net filtration would increase above normal. B) Net filtration...

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Select the correct statement about the nephrons. A) The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. B) The glomerulus...

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4....

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________.

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________. A) the same as water B) slightly higher than water C) much...

A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is ________.

A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is ________. A) diabetes mellitus B)...

The function of angiotensin II is to ________.

The function of angiotensin II is to ________. A) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure B) decrease the production of aldosterone C) decrease...

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________.

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. A) is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells B) increases the rate of glomerular filtration C) increases...

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________. A) glucose B)...

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? A) Na+ B) K+ C) glucose D) creatinine Answer:...

The macula densa cells respond to ________.

The macula densa cells respond to ________. A) aldosterone B) antidiuretic hormone C) changes in pressure in the tubule D) changes in solute content...

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. A) not limited by a transport maximum B) in the distal convoluted tubule C) hormonally...

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. A) active transport B) osmosis C) filtration D) cotransport with sodium ions Answer:...

The filtration membrane includes all except ________.

The filtration membrane includes all except ________. A) glomerular endothelium B) podocytes C) renal fascia D) basement membrane Answer:...

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)?

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)? A) the stretching of the bladder wall B) motor neurons C)...

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________.

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________. A) the ionic electrochemical gradient B) protein-regulated...

Which of the following does not describe the juxtaglomerular complex?

Which of the following does not describe the juxtaglomerular complex? A) It regulates the rate of filtrate formation. B) It helps control systemic...

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. A) nephron B) nephron loop C) glomerular capsule D) capsular space Answer:...

The renal corpuscle is made up of ________.

The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. A) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus B) the descending nephron loop C) the renal pyramid D) the renal papilla Answer:...

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________.

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________. A) ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently B)...

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

Select the correct statement about the ureters. A) Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine. B)...

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________. A) is not permeable to water B) is freely permeable to sodium and urea C) pulls water by osmosis...

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________. A) has a basement membrane B) is impermeable to most substances C)...

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney. A) lobar B) arcuate C) interlobar D) cortical radiate Answer:...

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? A) helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, and pressure...

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. A) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated B) when the pH of the urine decreases C) by...

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium. A) transitional B) simple squamous C) stratified squamous D) pseudostratified columnar Answer:...

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________.

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________. A) decrease in the production of ADH B) increase...

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle? A) a podocyte B) a vasa recta C) a fenestrated capillary D) an efferent arteriole Answer:...

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________. A) nephron loop B) glomerular...

Excess K+ ions in cardiac tissue cause heart rate and stroke volume to __________ and decreased extracellular K+ ions result in a __________ in heart rate.

Excess K+ ions in cardiac tissue cause heart rate and stroke volume to __________ and decreased extracellular K+ ions result in a __________ in heart...

Generally, an increase in extracellular Ca2+ ions causes __________ force of contraction, and __________ heart rate.

Generally, an increase in extracellular Ca2+ ions causes __________ force of contraction, and __________ heart rate. a. decreased, decreased b. decreased,...

Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart a. increases the force of ventricular contraction. b. opens a larger number of calcium slow channels. c....

If blood pH decreases and blood carbon dioxide increases,

If blood pH decreases and blood carbon dioxide increases, a. heart rate increases. b. stroke volume decreases. c. increased parasympathetic stimulation...

When normal arterial blood pressure decreases, baroreceptors cause a response that

When normal arterial blood pressure decreases, baroreceptors cause a response that a. decreases heart rate. b. decreases stroke volume. c. returns...

Parasympathetic nerve fibers

Parasympathetic nerve fibers a. are carried to the heart through the Accessory nerve (XI). b. extend to terminal ganglia within the wall of the heart. c....

Increased venous return to the heart causes increased

Increased venous return to the heart causes increased a. stroke volume. b. preload. c. cardiac output. d. force of contraction. e. all of these Answer:...

Preload

Preload a. is the extent to which the ventricular walls are stretched. b. if increased, causes a decrease in cardiac output. c. is the pressure in...

If the heart rate for a patient is 80 bpm, and her stroke volume is 70 mL/beat, then her cardiac output is

If the heart rate for a patient is 80 bpm, and her stroke volume is 70 mL/beat, then her cardiac output is a. O.87 mL/min b. 1.1 mL/min. c. 10 mL/min. d....

The second heart sound, described as "dupp" is actually the sound of the

The second heart sound, described as "dupp" is actually the sound of the a. atria contracting. b. ventricles contracting. c. atrioventricular valves...

During the period of ejection, the left ventricular pressure reaches a high point of approximately

During the period of ejection, the left ventricular pressure reaches a high point of approximately a. 20 mm Hg. b. 60 mm Hg. c. 80 mm Hg. d. 100...

The average end-diastolic volume of the ventricles is about __________ , whereas the end-systolic volume is about __________ .

The average end-diastolic volume of the ventricles is about __________ , whereas the end-systolic volume is about __________ . a. 125 mL, 55 mL b....

At the end of __________ , the ventricles are 70% filled.

At the end of __________ , the ventricles are 70% filled. a. active ventricular filling b. passive ventricular filling c. ventricular diastole d....

Blood flows neither into nor out of the ventricles during

Blood flows neither into nor out of the ventricles during a. the period of isovolumic contraction. b. the period of isovolumic relaxation. c. systole. d....

During the period of ejection in the cardiac cycle, the atrioventricular valves are __________ and the semilunar valves are __________ .

During the period of ejection in the cardiac cycle, the atrioventricular valves are __________ and the semilunar valves are __________ . a. closed,...

Which of these conditions is most likely to cause bradycardia?

Which of these conditions is most likely to cause bradycardia? a. ectopic action potentials in the atria b. damage to the tricuspid valve c. excessive...

During the QT interval of the EKG, the

During the QT interval of the EKG, the a. atria contract and begin to relax. b. atria relax. c. ventricles contract and begin to relax. d. ventricles...

In an EKG, the P wave represents

In an EKG, the P wave represents a. depolarization of the atria. b. repolarization of the atria. c. depolarization of the ventricles. d. repolarization...

Which of these conditions results in a prepotential in pacemaker cells?

Which of these conditions results in a prepotential in pacemaker cells? a. Na+ ions move into the cell through specialized Na+ ion channels. b. Membrane...

Unlike other cardiac muscle cells, the movement of __________ into the pacemaker cells is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential.

Unlike other cardiac muscle cells, the movement of __________ into the pacemaker cells is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of the...

Which of these conditions occurs in the cardiac muscle cell during the final repolarization phase?

Which of these conditions occurs in the cardiac muscle cell during the final repolarization phase? a. voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels are open b....

Which of these conditions occur in the cardiac muscle cell during the plateau phase?

Which of these conditions occur in the cardiac muscle cell during the plateau phase? a. voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels are open b. voltage-gated...

Early repolarization of cardiac muscle cells occurs when

Early repolarization of cardiac muscle cells occurs when a. voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels open. b. voltage-gated K+ ion channels open. c. voltage-gated...

The depolarization phase of the cardiac muscle action potential occurs when

The depolarization phase of the cardiac muscle action potential occurs when a. voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels open. b. voltage-gated K+ ion channels...

Action potentials pass rapidly from one cardiac muscle cell to another because of

Action potentials pass rapidly from one cardiac muscle cell to another because of a. intercalated disks and numerous gap junctions. b. large nerves...

Which of these statements concerning cardiac muscle is correct?

Which of these statements concerning cardiac muscle is correct? a. Cardiac muscle has more sarcoplasmic reticulum than skeletal muscle. b. Cardiac...

If the SA node becomes damaged and nonfunctional, which of these is the most likely to occur?

If the SA node becomes damaged and nonfunctional, which of these is the most likely to occur? a. The heart will stop. b. The ventricles will contract,...

The group of modified cardiac muscle cells that delays action potentials between the atria and the atrioventricular bundle is called the

The group of modified cardiac muscle cells that delays action potentials between the atria and the atrioventricular bundle is called the a. Purkinje...

Which of these structures is NOT present in cardiac muscle cells?

Which of these structures is NOT present in cardiac muscle cells? a. desmosomes b. gap junctions c. smooth sarcoplasmic reticulum d. terminal cisternae e....

The skeleton of the heart

The skeleton of the heart a. electrically insulates the atria from the ventricles. b. is composed of bones and cartilage. c. is the location of the...

Strong connective tissue strings that are attached to papillary muscles and to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves are

Strong connective tissue strings that are attached to papillary muscles and to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves are a. musculi pectinati. b....

The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle is the

The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle is the a. aortic semilunar valve. b. bicuspid (mitral) valve. c. pulmonary semilunar...

The anterior interventricular artery is a branch of the

The anterior interventricular artery is a branch of the a. left pulmonary artery. b. right pulmonary artery. c. left coronary artery. d. right coronary...

Which of these structures deliver(s) blood to the left atrium?

Which of these structures deliver(s) blood to the left atrium? a. coronary sinus b. superior vena cava c. inferior vena cava d. pulmonary veins e....

Musculi pectinati are found in the __________ ; trabeculae carneae are found in the __________ .

Musculi pectinati are found in the __________ ; trabeculae carneae are found in the __________ . a. auricles, auricles b. auricles, ventricles c....

The heart valves have a double layer of __________ with a layer of __________ in between.

The heart valves have a double layer of __________ with a layer of __________ in between. a. epicardium, myocardium b. epicardium, endocardium c....

The epicardium

The epicardium a. is also known as the parietal pericardium. b. is a layer of cardiac muscle. c. is the visceral pericardium. d. lines the heart...

Which of these descriptions of the heart's location is correct?

Which of these descriptions of the heart's location is correct? a. The heart lies obliquely in the mediastinum. b. Its base is directed anteriorly...

Which of these structures is NOT found in the mediastinum?

Which of these structures is NOT found in the mediastinum? a. esophagus b. heart c. lung d. thymus gland e. trachea Answer:...

______ is to slow heart rate as _____ is to fast heart rate.

______ is to slow heart rate as _____ is to fast heart rate. a. Tachycardia; bradycardia b. Bradycardia; tachycardia Answer: ...

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are a. depolarizing b. repolarizing c. contracting d. relaxing e. both B and D Answer:...

Intercalated discs serve to transfer _____ from cell to cell.

Intercalated discs serve to transfer _____ from cell to cell. a. ionic currents b. action potentials c. the force of contraction d. all of the above e....

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because  a. the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle b. the left...

The first heart sound is heard when the

The first heart sound is heard when the  a. AV valves open b. AV valves close c. semilunar valves close d. atria contract e. blood enters the...

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the  a. Purkinje fibers b. SA node c. AV node d. wall of left ventricle e. both left and right...

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of  a. increased membrane permeability to Na ions b....

The heart is innervated by ____ nerves.

The heart is innervated by ____ nerves. a. parasympathetic b. sympathetic c. both parasympathetic and sympathetic d. neither parasympathetic nor...

Blood is supplied by to the myocardium by

Blood is supplied by to the myocardium by a. the coronary sinus b. contact with blood in the pumping chambers c. the coronary arteries d. arteries...

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the  a. aorta b. pulmonary trunk c. pulmonary veins d. right ventricle e. left atrium Answer:...

As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the _____ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the _____ and then into the pulmonary trunk. a. pulmonary veins b. conus arteriosus c. aorta d....

The reflex that helps an infant hold on to the nipple and swallow is called the:

The reflex that helps an infant hold on to the nipple and swallow is called the: A) rooting reflex B) nursing reflex C) sucking reflex D) peristaltic...

The hereditary inability of tissue cells to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, which can result in brain damage and retardation unless a special diet low in phenylalanine is followed, is called:

The hereditary inability of tissue cells to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, which can result in brain damage and retardation unless a special...

Which one of the following is NOT true of cholesterol:

Which one of the following is NOT true of cholesterol: A) it provides energy fuel for muscle contraction B) it serves as the structural basis of steroid...

Nutrients detour through the liver via the:

Nutrients detour through the liver via the: A) circle of Willis B) hepatic portal circulation C) Bowman's capsule D) electron transport chain E) glycogenesis...

Which one of the following is NOT a main role of the liver:

Which one of the following is NOT a main role of the liver: A) to detoxify drugs and alcohol B) to degrade hormones C) to make cholesterol D) to...

Acidosis (ketoacidosis) occurs when __________ is digested.

Acidosis (ketoacidosis) occurs when __________ is digested. A) fat B) glycogen C) glucose D) protein E) glycogen or glucose Answer:...

The liver metabolizes fats for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

The liver metabolizes fats for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) ATP production B) synthesis of lipoproteins C) synthesis of thromboplastin D)...

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in greatest quantity during:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in greatest quantity during: A) glycolysis B) the Krebs cycle C) protein metabolism D) the electron transport...

The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones is called:

The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones is called: A) anabolism B) catabolism C) metabolism D) carbolysis E)...

Inorganic substances necessary to body functioning that must be ingested through the diet are:

Inorganic substances necessary to body functioning that must be ingested through the diet are: A) vitamins B) coenzymes C) carbon D) minerals E) complete...

The energy value of foods commonly counted by dieters is measured in units called:

The energy value of foods commonly counted by dieters is measured in units called: A) ATP B) calories C) kilocalories D) coenzymes E) carb units...

Which one of the following is NOT absorbed by the human large intestine:

Which one of the following is NOT absorbed by the human large intestine: A) water B) vitamin K C) some of the B vitamins D) ions E) protein Answer:...

Which of the following influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile:

Which of the following influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile: A) rennin and cholecystokinin B) gastrin and rennin C) cholecystokinin...

Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice contains all the following EXCEPT:

Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice contains all the following EXCEPT: A) amylase B) trypsin C) nuclease D) pancreatase E) lipase Answer: ...

The journey of chyme through the small intestine takes:

The journey of chyme through the small intestine takes: A) 2-4 hours B) 3-6 hours C) 6-8 hours D) 8-10 hours E) 10-12 hours Answer: ...

The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in the stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk in infants is:

The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in the stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk in infants is: A) pepsin B) salivary amylase C)...

The hormone responsible for causing the stomach to release pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid is:

The hormone responsible for causing the stomach to release pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid is: A) rennin B) bile C) gastrin D) pepsin E)...

The amount of gastric juice produced every day by an average-sized adult is:

The amount of gastric juice produced every day by an average-sized adult is: A) 1-2 liters B) 2-3 liters C) 3-4 liters D) 1-2 gallons E) 2-3 gallons...

Which one of the following is NOT involved in the swallowing reflex:

Which one of the following is NOT involved in the swallowing reflex: A) tongue B) soft palate C) larynx D) pharynx E) esophagus Answer:...

Which one of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function:

Which one of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function: A) stomach B) ascending colon C) ileum D) esophagus E) duodenum Answer:...

The process of swallowing is also known as:

The process of swallowing is also known as: A) mastication B) segmentation C) deglutition D) defecation E) absorption Answer: ...

The first nutrient to be chemically digested is:

The first nutrient to be chemically digested is: A) starch B) protein C) fat D) minerals E) vitamins Answer: ...

Which one of the following is NOT true of the sensors involved in digestive reflexes:

Which one of the following is NOT true of the sensors involved in digestive reflexes: A) they activate or inhibit lacteal absorption B) they respond...

Digestion is primarily controlled by the:

Digestion is primarily controlled by the: A) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system B) medulla oblongata C) somatic nervous system D)...

Transport of digested end products from the lumen GI tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic fluid is called:

Transport of digested end products from the lumen GI tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic fluid is called: A) ingestion B) propulsion C) digestion D)...

Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called:

Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called: A) peptides B) amino acids C) polypeptides D) fatty acids E) glycerol Answer:...

Which one of the following is NOT one of the carbohydrates that the human digestive system is able to break down to simple sugars:

Which one of the following is NOT one of the carbohydrates that the human digestive system is able to break down to simple sugars: A) cellulose B)...

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called:

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the...

The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called:

The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called: A) ingestion B) peristalsis C) chemical digestion D) mastication E) absorption...

The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions is called:

The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions...

Buildup of bile within the liver leading to bile pigments circulating through the body could cause tissues to turn yellow and a condition called:

Buildup of bile within the liver leading to bile pigments circulating through the body could cause tissues to turn yellow and a condition called: A)...

Bile is produced by the __________ but stored in the __________.

Bile is produced by the __________ but stored in the __________. A) liver; pancreas B) gallbladder; liver C) liver; gallbladder D) small intestine;...

The accessory digestive organ that produces enzymes that break down all food groups is the:

The accessory digestive organ that produces enzymes that break down all food groups is the: A) liver B) gallbladder C) salivary glands D) pancreas E)...

The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called:

The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called: A) incisors B) canines C) premolars D) molars E) wisdom teeth Answer:...

The number of permanent teeth within a full set of adult teeth is:

The number of permanent teeth within a full set of adult teeth is: A) 20 B) 24 C) 28 D) 32 E) 36 Answer: ...

Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest:

Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest: A) protein B) starch C) fat D) vitamins E) minerals Answer: ...

The opening of the large intestine is called the:

The opening of the large intestine is called the: A) cecum B) sigmoid colon C) rectum D) anus E) ileum Answer: ...

The organ responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces is the:

The organ responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces is the: A) stomach B) large intestine C)...

Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine:

Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine: A) cecum B) appendix C) duodenum D) colon E) rectum Answer: ...

Which one of the following is NOT a modification (which is designed to increase surface area for absorption) within the small intestine:

Which one of the following is NOT a modification (which is designed to increase surface area for absorption) within the small intestine: A) microvilli B)...

The primary function of the small intestine is:

The primary function of the small intestine is: A) absorption of nutrients B) absorption of water C) waste secretion D) vitamin conversion E) mineral...

Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the:

Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the: A) duodenum B) jejunum C) ileocecal valve D) ileum E) large intestine...

Which one of the following is the middle section of the small intestine:

Which one of the following is the middle section of the small intestine: A) duodenum B) ascending colon C) jejunum D) descending colon E) ileum Answer:...

The small intestine extends from the:

The small intestine extends from the: A) cardioesophageal sphincter to the pyloric sphincter B) pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve C) ileocecal...

Intrinsic factor in digestion is a stomach secretion needed for absorption of __________ from the small intestine.

Intrinsic factor in digestion is a stomach secretion needed for absorption of __________ from the small intestine. A) vitamin A B) vitamin B12 C)...

Protein digestion begins in the:

Protein digestion begins in the: A) mouth B) esophagus C) stomach D) small intestine E) large intestine Answer: ...

The release of food from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:

The release of food from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the: A) cardioesophageal sphincter B) pyloric sphincter (valve) C) ileocecal...

When full, the average adult stomach can hold approximately:

When full, the average adult stomach can hold approximately: A) 1 liter of food B) 2 liters of food C) 3 liters of food D) 4 liters of food E) 2 gallons...

The submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs are both part of the:

The submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs are both part of the: A)...

Which one of the following is NOT a layer of the alimentary canal:

Which one of the following is NOT a layer of the alimentary canal: A) mucosa B) submucosa C) muscularis interna D) muscularis externa E) serosa Answer:...

Which one of the following is continuous with the esophagus:

Which one of the following is continuous with the esophagus: A) nasopharynx B) oropharynx C) linguopharynx D) laryngopharynx E) esophagopharynx Answer:...

The fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements is called the:

The fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements is called the: A) lingual frenulum B)...

The structure that forms the anterior roof of the mouth is the:

The structure that forms the anterior roof of the mouth is the: A) uvula B) soft palate C) cheek D) teeth E) hard palate Answer: ...

Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal:

Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal: A) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,...

Which one of the following is NOT an organ of the alimentary canal:

Which one of the following is NOT an organ of the alimentary canal: A) mouth B) teeth C) pharynx D) esophagus E) stomach Answer: ...