Differentiate among the three types of joints based on structural and functional classification. Provide examples of each type of joint.

Differentiate among the three types of joints based on structural and functional classification. Provide examples of each type of joint.

1. synarthroses are immovable joints, example is skull sutures.
2. amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints. Pubic symphysis is an exmaple.
3. Diarthroses are freely movable joints. Example is the shoulder.

Explain the 5 functions of the skeletal system.

Explain the 5 functions of the skeletal system.

1. support - forms the bodys framework
2. movement - muscles attached to bones by tendons use bones as levers to move
3. protection - protect the enclosed soft body organs
4. storage - fat is stored in internal cavities of bones
5. hematopoiesis - blood cells formation

List and discuss the structures of a long bone.

List and discuss the structures of a long bone.

1. Diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone. made of compact bone. covered by the periosteum and contains a hollow cavity to store yellow marrow.
2. Epiphyses are the rounded ends of a long bone. Contains an outer layer of compact bone and an inner core of spongy bone. 
3. Epiphyseal line/plate is the junction between the epiphyses and diaphysis. Causes lengthwise growth of bone.

List and explain the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture.

List and explain the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture.

1. hematoma formation. Hematoma forms when bone breaks and blood vessels rupture.
2. Fibrocatilaginous callus formation. Site of damage experiences growth of new capillaries into the clotted blood.
3. Bony callus formation - as more osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate into the area, fibrocartilage is replaced by a callus of spongy bone.
4. bone remodeling

Differentiate the roles of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in bone.

Differentiate the roles of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in bone.

Answer: Osteoclasts are bone destroying cells that break down bone matrix and release calcium ions in the blood. osteoblasts are bone forming cells, they add tissue to growing bone. osteocytes are mature bone cells. They were osteoblasts that laid down bone matrix, but became trapped in it.

Cells that can build bony matrix

Cells that can build bony matrix

a. epiphyseal plate
b. canaliculi
c. Sharpey's fibers
d. osteoblasts
e. osteons
f. epiphyseal line
g. lacunae
h. lamellae
i. osteocytes
j. osteoclasts


Answer: osteoblasts