Varicose veins are caused by:

Varicose veins are caused by:

A) a loss of elasticity in blood vessels
B) the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
C) excessive production of the enzyme renin
D) incompetent venous valves
E) orthostatic hypotension

Answer: D

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:

A) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
B) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venular end of the capillary
C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
D) blood pressure is higher at the venular end of the capillary
E) interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

Answer: C

Which one of the following are the main functions of renin and angiotensin II:

Which one of the following are the main functions of renin and angiotensin II:

A) blood pressure rises this causes vasoconstriction and further increases blood pressure
B) blood pressure rises this causes vasoconstriction and a decrease in blood pressure
C) blood pressure rises this causes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure
D) blood pressure falls this causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure
E) blood pressure falls this causes vasodilation and an increase in blood pressure

Answer: D

Which one of the following is the main function of renin and aldosterone:

Which one of the following is the main function of renin and aldosterone:

A) they are produced whenever blood pressure rises and ultimately cause an increase in blood volume and blood pressure
B) they are produced whenever blood pressure rises and ultimately cause a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure
C) they are produced when blood pressure rises and have no long-term effect on blood volume and blood pressure
D) they are produced whenever blood pressure falls and ultimately cause an increase in blood volume and blood pressure
E) they are produced whenever blood pressure falls and ultimately cause a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure

Answer: D

Generalized vasoconstriction occurs as a result of:

Generalized vasoconstriction occurs as a result of:

A) an increase in parasympathetic nervous system firing
B) a decrease in parasympathetic nervous system firing
C) an increase in sympathetic nervous system firing
D) a decrease in sympathetic nervous system firing
E) an increase in blood pressure

Answer: C

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called:

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called:

A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) peripheral resistance
D) blood pressure
E) diastolic pressure

Answer: C