Given this information:1. tidal volume = 500 mL2. residual volume = 1000 mL3. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL4. expiratory reserve volume = 1000...
The minute ventilation for this individual is
Given this information:1. tidal volume = 500 mL2. residual volume = 1000 mL3. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL4. expiratory reserve volume = 1000...
The volume of air that is available for gas exchange each minute is the
The volume of air that is available for gas exchange each minute is thea. minute ventilation.b. anatomical dead air space.c. physiological dead air space.d....
If a person's vital capacity is 4000mL, her expiratory reserve volume is 1000mL, and her inspiratory reserve volume is 2500mL, and her tidal volume is
If a person's vital capacity is 4000mL, her expiratory reserve volume is 1000mL, and her inspiratory reserve volume is 2500mL, and her tidal volume isa....
Which of these lung volumes/capacities is the largest?
Which of these lung volumes/capacities is the largest?a. expiratory reserve volumeb. inspiratory reserve volumec. residual volumed. tidal volumee. vital...
Which of these conditions produces increased compliance of the lungs?
Which of these conditions produces increased compliance of the lungs?a. airway obstructionb. emphysemac. fibrosis of lungsd. pulmonary edemae. all of...
If compliance increases, lung expansion is
If compliance increases, lung expansion isa. easier.b. more difficult.c. unaffected.Answer:...
Arrange the following events in the order as they occur during inspiration:
Arrange the following events in the order as they occur during inspiration:1. air flows into the lungs2. alveolar volume increases3. thoracic volume...
At the end of normal inspiration, which of these pressures is the most negative?
At the end of normal inspiration, which of these pressures is the most negative?a. alveolarb. barometricc. partiald. pleurale. trachealAnswer:...
If a pneumothorax occurs, pleural pressure and alveolar pressure become __________ barometric pressure.
If a pneumothorax occurs, pleural pressure and alveolar pressure become __________ barometric pressure.a. equal tob. greater thanc. less thanAnswer:...
Surfactant
Surfactanta. reduces surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.b. increases pleural pressure.c. decreases alveolar pressure.d. makes inspiration...
Lung recoil occurs because of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls and
Lung recoil occurs because of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls anda. barometric pressure.b. pleural pressure.c. surface tension of the fluid that...
During expiration, the volume of the thorax __________ as the diaphragm __________ .
During expiration, the volume of the thorax __________ as the diaphragm __________ .a. decreases, contractsb. decreases, relaxesc. increases, contractsd....
For inspiration to occur, barometric pressure must be __________ alveolar pressure.
For inspiration to occur, barometric pressure must be __________ alveolar pressure.a. greater thanb. less thanc. equal toAnswer:...
If alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure
If alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressurea. decreases.b. increases.c. is unchanged.Answer:...
Besides lubricating the visceral and parietal pleura, pleural fluid also
Besides lubricating the visceral and parietal pleura, pleural fluid alsoa. holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together.b. prevents the...
Visceral pleura is found
Visceral pleura is founda. inside the terminal bronchioles.b. on the surface of the lung.c. on the walls of the thorax, diaphragm, and mediastinum.d....
For inspiration during labored breathing, which of these muscles is NOT contracted?
For inspiration during labored breathing, which of these muscles is NOT contracted?a. diaphragmb. external intercostal musclesc. internal intercostal...
Arrange the following structures in the order as air passes through them traveling from the bronchi:
Arrange the following structures in the order as air passes through them traveling from the bronchi:1. alveolar duct2. alveolus3. respiratory bronchiole4....
Which of these structures has no cartilage around it?
Which of these structures has no cartilage around it?a. primary bronchusb. secondary bronchusc. terminal bronchioled. larynxe. tracheaAnswer:...
Which of these structures prevents the movement of swallowed materials into the larynx?
Which of these structures prevents the movement of swallowed materials into the larynx?a. middle nasal conchaeb. epiglottisc. vestibular foldsd. uvulae....
The true vocal cords and the opening between them are called the
The true vocal cords and the opening between them are called thea. cricoid cartilage.b. fauces.c. glottis.d. thyroid cartilage.e. vestibular folds.Answer:...
The largest cartilage in the larynx is the
The largest cartilage in the larynx is thea. arytenoid cartilage.b. cricoid cartilage.c. corniculate cartilage.d. cuneiform cartilage.e. thyroid cartilage.Answer:...
The structure that separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx is the
The structure that separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx is thea. hard palate.b. larynx.c. fauces.d. uvula.e. vestibule.Answer:...
Which of these passageways opens directly into the nasopharynx?
Which of these passageways opens directly into the nasopharynx?a. auditory tubesb. external naresc. nasolacrimal ductsd. paranasal sinusese. all of theseAnswer:...
Which of these is NOT a paranasal sinus?
Which of these is NOT a paranasal sinus?a. ethmoidal sinusb. frontal sinusc. mastoid sinusd. maxillary sinuse. sphenoidal sinusAnswer:...
Which of these structures is a part of the upper respiratory tract?
Which of these structures is a part of the upper respiratory tract?a. bronchib. larynxc. lungsd. pharynxe. tracheaAnswer:...
The micturition reflex
The micturition reflexa. can be stimulated or inhibited by higher centers in the brain.b. is stimulated by increased pressure in the bladder.c. can be...
When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will
When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance willa. be actively transported into the blood.b. diffuse into the blood.c....
Angiotensin II causes
Angiotensin II causesa. increased ADH secretion.b. increased thirst.c. increased salt appetite.d. increased peripheral resistance.e. all of theseAnswer:...
Which of these conditions increases the amount of urine produced?
Which of these conditions increases the amount of urine produced?a. increased ADH secretionb. increased atrial natriuretic hormone secretionc. increased...
Drinking a large amount of beer results in
Drinking a large amount of beer results ina. increased aldosterone secretion.b. increased permeability of the collecting ducts of the nephrons.c. decreased...
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete
Juxtaglomerular cells secretea. ADH.b. oxytocin.c. renin.d. aldosterone.e. angiotensinAnswer:...
Urea diffuses out of the __________ , and into the __________ .
Urea diffuses out of the __________ , and into the __________ .a. proximal tubule, distal tubuleb. proximal tubule, descending limb of the loop of Henlec....
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the nephron is in the
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the nephron is in thea. proximal tubule and distal tubule.b. loop of Henle and vasa recta.c. distal tubule...
Which of these substances is actively transported into the filtrate in the proximal and distal tubule?
Which of these substances is actively transported into the filtrate in the proximal and distal tubule?a. H+ ionsb. Na+ ionsc. glucosed. amino acidse....
Renal tubules are __________ permeable to urea than they are to water, therefore urea concentration in the tubules __________ .
Renal tubules are __________ permeable to urea than they are to water, therefore urea concentration in the tubules __________ .a. less, decreasesb. less,...
At which of these locations is the osmolality of the filtrate the highest?
At which of these locations is the osmolality of the filtrate the highest?a. Bowman's capsuleb. proximal tubulec. bottom of the loop of Henled. distal...
All of these compounds are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood EXCEPT
All of these compounds are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood EXCEPTa. amino acids.b. fructose.c. Na+ ions.d. penicillin.e. Ca2+ ions.Answer:...
The permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct is controlled by
The permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct is controlled bya. ADH.b. aldosterone.c. atrial natriuretic factor.d. carrier molecules.e....
These ions are cotransported across the apical membrane in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
These ions are cotransported across the apical membrane in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.a. K+ ions and Cl- ionsb. K+ ions and Mg2+ ionsc. Ca2+...
The percentage of filtrate volume reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is
The percentage of filtrate volume reabsorbed in the proximal tubule isa. 99%.b. 80%.c. 65%.d. 19%.e. 15%.Answer:...
In kidney nephron epithelial cells __________ are moved by counter transport through the basal membrane in exchange for K+ ions.
In kidney nephron epithelial cells __________ are moved by counter transport through the basal membrane in exchange for K+ ions.a. Ca2+ ionsb. Cl- ionsc....
In kidney nephron epithelial cells solutes are cotransported with
In kidney nephron epithelial cells solutes are cotransported witha. Ca2+ ions.b. Cl- ions.c. K+ ions.d. Mg2+ ions.e. Na+ ions.Answer:...
During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by __________ , and across the basal membrane by __________ .
During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by __________ , and across the basal...
As filtrate moves through the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle water moves __________ the nephron, and solutes move __________ the nephron.
As filtrate moves through the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle water moves __________ the nephron, and solutes move __________...
A decrease in plasma proteins results in
A decrease in plasma proteins results ina. decreased colloid osmotic pressure.b. increased colloid osmotic pressure.c. increased glomerular capillary...
Of the filtrate that enters the nephron about what percent is reabsorbed during urine formation?
Of the filtrate that enters the nephron about what percent is reabsorbed during urine formation?a. 99%b. 95%c. 80%d. 65%e. 19%Answer:...
Which of these substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane?
Which of these substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane?a. hemoglobinb. waterc. sodium ionsd. bicarbonate ionse. glucoseAnswer:...
The part of the plasma volume that passes through the filtration membrane is the
The part of the plasma volume that passes through the filtration membrane is thea. filtration fraction.b. plasma clearance.c. renal blood flow rate.d....
The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called the
The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called thea. filtration fraction.b. plasma clearance.c. renal blood flow rate.d....
The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries is called
The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries is calleda. filtration.b. tubular secretion.c. backflow.d....
Active transport of substances from the blood into the nephron is called
Active transport of substances from the blood into the nephron is calleda. filtration.b. tubular reabsorption.c. tubular secretion.Answer:...
Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor is the
Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor is thea. external urinary sphincter.b. internal urinary sphincter.c....
The triangular area of the urinary bladder between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly is the
The triangular area of the urinary bladder between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly is thea. external urinary sphincter.b. internal...
Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them.
Given these vessels: 1. arcuate vein 2. afferent arteriole 3. efferent arteriole 4. interlobular vein 5. peritubular capillariesArrange...
The __________ are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney.
The __________ are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney.a. interlobar arteriesb. arcuate...
The part of a nephron between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle is the
The part of a nephron between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle is thea. collecting duct.b. distal tubule.c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.d. macula...
Collectively the capillary epithelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the
Collectively the capillary epithelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form thea. filtration membrane.b. glomerulus.c. juxtamedullary nephron.d. nephron.e....
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed where the __________ projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to Bowman's capsule.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed where the __________ projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to Bowman's capsule.a....
The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the
The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called thea. podocytes.b. glomerulus.c. calyx.d. renal pyramid.e. renal sinus.Answer:...
Arrange the parts in order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron.
Given these parts of a nephron: 1. renal corpuscle 2. collecting duct 3. loop of Henle 4. distal tubule 5. proximal tubuleArrange...
The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney is the
The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney is thea. glomerulus.b. filtration membrane.c. nephron.d. podocyte.e. renal corpuscle.Answer:...
The major calyces of the kidney converge to form an enlarged channel called the
The major calyces of the kidney converge to form an enlarged channel called thea. renal fascia.b. renal pelvis.c. renal pyramids.d. renal papillae.e....
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is thea. cortex.b. hilum.c. medulla.d. renal capsule.e. renal pyramids.Answer:...
Many heart attack victims are advised to take a single aspirin every other day. Why? What are blood thinners?
Many heart attack victims are advised to take a single aspirin every other day. Why? What are blood thinners?Answer: Blood thinners interfere with...
Define the 3 general functions of your blood.
Define the 3 general functions of your blood.1. Transportation of oxygen/carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones2. Regulation of pH, temperature,...
What antigens does a person have on their RBC if their plasma has antibody A?
What antigens does a person have on their RBC if their plasma has antibody A?a. Ab. Bc. Od. A and Be. No antigensAnswer: b....
What antibodies does a person with type O blood have in their plasma?
What antibodies does a person with type O blood have in their plasma?a. Ab. Bc. A and Bd. No antibodiese. Not enough information to answerAnswer: c....
Considering Rh blood types, which of the below situations would result in maternal antibodies attacking the fetus?
Considering Rh blood types, which of the below situations would result in maternal antibodies attacking the fetus?a. Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh...
Which methods provide hemostasis?
Which methods provide hemostasis?a. vascular spasm, clotting, polycythemiab. hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formationc. emigration, clotting,...
The process of a white blood cell squeezing between cells to exit the blood vessel is called
The process of a white blood cell squeezing between cells to exit the blood vessel is calleda. Emigrationb. Wanderingc. Adhesiond. Hempoiesise. PhagocytosisAnswer: a....
Which of the following is not an Agranular leukocyte?
Which of the following is not an Agranular leukocyte?a. Monocytesb. Macrophagec. Lymphocyted. Basophile. All of the aboveAnswer: d. Basop...
Which of the following promotes inflammation?
Which of the following promotes inflammation?a. Eosinophilb. Monocytec. Lymphocyted. Basophile. NeutrophilAnswer: d. Basop...
Which of the following reduces blood loss?
Which of the following reduces blood loss?a. Erythrocyteb. Plateletc. Lymphocyted. Basophile. NeutrophilAnswer: b. Plate...
Which of the following is a phagocyte?
Which of the following is a phagocyte?a. Monocytesb. Plateletc. Lymphocyted. Basophile. EosinophilAnswer: a. Monocy...
A red blood cell without a nucleus is called a
A red blood cell without a nucleus is called aa. Proerythroblastb. Cytokinec. Precursor celld. Interleukine. ReticulocyteAnswer: e. Reticuloc...
A red blood cell's function is
A red blood cell's function isa. Nutrient transportb. Cytokine stimulationc. Blood cell proliferationd. Gas transport of oxygene. Disease resistanceAnswer: d....
A megakaryoblast will develop into
A megakaryoblast will develop intoa. A. Red blood cellb. B. White blood cellc. C. Plateletd. Both b and ce. Any of the aboveAnswer: c. C. Plate...
The process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called:
The process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called:a. Hematocritationb. Hemopoiesisc. Albumin genesisd. Immunologye. None of the aboveAnswer: b....
A hemocrit measures
A hemocrit measuresa. A. Percentage of RBC in packed bloodb. B. Percentage of WBC in packed bloodc. C. Percentage of platelets in packed bloodd. Both...
Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?
Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?a. Albuminsb. Globulinsc. Fibrinogensd. Prostaglandinse. None of the aboveAnswer: c....
Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?
Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?a. Albuminsb. Globulinsc. Fibrinogensd. Myoglobine. HemoglobinAnswer: b....
The hematocrit is the percentage of blood composed of
The hematocrit is the percentage of blood composed ofa. WBCb. Plateletsc. RBCd. plasmae. proteinsAnswer: ...
Which of the following is not a component of blood?
Which of the following is not a component of blood?a. Blood plasmab. Formed elementsc. Carbon dioxided. Plateletse. White blood cellsAnswer: c. Carbon...
The normal pH range for blood is
The normal pH range for blood isa. 7.35-8.5b. 7.35-9.45c. 6.35-7.35d. 6.35-9.35e. 7.35-7.45Answer: e. 7.35-7...
Which is NOT a major function of the blood?
Which is NOT a major function of the blood?a. Transportation of nutrientsb. Regulation of blood pHc. Protection against disease infectiond. Transportation...
The function of hemoglobin is to
The function of hemoglobin is to a. carry oxygenb. carry carbon dioxidec. aid in the process of blood clottingd. A, B, and Ce. A and B onlyAnswe...
Average lifespan of a red blood cell is
Average lifespan of a red blood cell isa. 24 hoursb. 1 monthc. 4 monthsd. about 1 yeare. many yearsAnswer:&nbs...
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
The combination of plasma and formed elements is calleda. serumb. lymphc. whole bloodd. extracellular fluide. packed bloodAnswer:&nbs...
Formed elements make up about what % of blood?
Formed elements make up about what % of blood?a. 55 percentb. 38 percentc. 60 percentd. 45 percente. 20 percentAnswer:&nbs...
Which one of the following groups consist of granulocytes?
Which one of the following groups consist of granulocytes?a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophilsb. lymphocytes and monocytesc. eosinophils and monocytesd....
What are baroreceptors and how do they work?
What are baroreceptors and how do they work?Answer: Baroreceptors are receptors that are sensitive to change in blood pressure. They are located...
How are blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance related to each other?
How are blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance related to each other?Answer: Blood flow is directly proportional to the change in pressure. blood...
When will the blood pressure be greater?
When will the blood pressure be greater?a. when the peripheral vessels dilateb. when the peripheral vessels constrictc. neither is greaterAnswer:&nbs...
These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.
These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.a. arteryb. arteriolec. capillaryd. venule e. veinAnswer:&nbs...
Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?
Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?a. tunica intimab. external elastic membranec....
The smallest arterial branches are called the
The smallest arterial branches are called thea. precapillary arteriolesb. arteriolesc. capillariesd. venulese. veinsAnswer:&nbs...
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ______ vein.
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ______ vein.a. vertebralb. azygosc. innominated. internal jugulare. external jugularAnswer:&nbs...
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the _____ artery.
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the _____ artery.a. internal carotidb. external carotidc. mentald. azygose. maxillaryAnswer:&...
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