1. tidal volume = 500 mL
2. residual volume = 1000 mL
3. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
4. expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
5. dead air space = 100 mL
6. respiratory rate = 20 times/minuteThe alveolar ventilation (VA) for this individual is
a. 10.0 L/minute
b. 8.0 L/minute
c. 6.0 L/minute
d. 2.5 L/minute
e. 1.0 L/minute
Answer: B
Given this information:
1. tidal volume = 500 mL
2. residual volume = 1000 mL
3. inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
4. expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
5. dead air space = 100 mL
6. respiratory rate = 20 times/minute
a. 20.0 L/minute
b. 10.0 L/minute
c. 7.0 L/minute
d. 4.0 L/minute
e. 2.0 L/minute
Answer: B
a. minute ventilation.
b. anatomical dead air space.
c. physiological dead air space.
d. alveolar ventilation.
e. total lung capacity.
Answer: D
a. 3500mL.
b. 3000mL.
c. 1500mL.
d. 1000mL.
e. 500mL.
Answer: E
a. expiratory reserve volume
b. inspiratory reserve volume
c. residual volume
d. tidal volume
e. vital capacity
Answer: E
a. airway obstruction
b. emphysema
c. fibrosis of lungs
d. pulmonary edema
e. all of these
Answer: B
a. easier.
b. more difficult.
c. unaffected.
Answer: A
1. air flows into the lungs
2. alveolar volume increases
3. thoracic volume increases
4. pleural pressure decreases
5. alveolar pressure decreases
a. 1,2,3,4,5
b. 2,5,1,3,4
c. 3,4,2,5,1
d. 4,5,2,1,3
e. 5,1,3,4,2
Answer: C
a. alveolar
b. barometric
c. partial
d. pleural
e. tracheal
Answer: D
a. equal to
b. greater than
c. less than
Answer: A
a. reduces surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
b. increases pleural pressure.
c. decreases alveolar pressure.
d. makes inspiration more difficult.
e. can cause a pneumothorax.
Answer: A
a. barometric pressure.
b. pleural pressure.
c. surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli.
d. surfactant secretion in the alveoli.
e. the pneumothorax principle.
Answer: C
a. decreases, contracts
b. decreases, relaxes
c. increases, contracts
d. increases, relaxes
Answer: B
a. greater than
b. less than
c. equal to
Answer: A
a. decreases.
b. increases.
c. is unchanged.
Answer: A
a. holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together.
b. prevents the lungs from overinflating.
c. helps fill the pleural cavity.
d. increases diffusion rates in the lungs.
e. prevents the lungs from leaking.
Answer: A
a. inside the terminal bronchioles.
b. on the surface of the lung.
c. on the walls of the thorax, diaphragm, and mediastinum.
d. in the trachea and bronchi.
Answer: B
a. diaphragm
b. external intercostal muscles
c. internal intercostal muscles
d. pectoralis minor muscles
e. sternocleidomastoid muscles
Answer: C
1. alveolar duct
2. alveolus
3. respiratory bronchiole
4. terminal bronchiole
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 2,3,4,1
c. 3,4,1,2
d. 3,1,2,4
e. 4,3,1,2
Answer: E
a. primary bronchus
b. secondary bronchus
c. terminal bronchiole
d. larynx
e. trachea
Answer: C
a. middle nasal conchae
b. epiglottis
c. vestibular folds
d. uvula
e. both b and c
Answer: E
a. cricoid cartilage.
b. fauces.
c. glottis.
d. thyroid cartilage.
e. vestibular folds.
Answer: C
a. arytenoid cartilage.
b. cricoid cartilage.
c. corniculate cartilage.
d. cuneiform cartilage.
e. thyroid cartilage.
Answer: E
a. hard palate.
b. larynx.
c. fauces.
d. uvula.
e. vestibule.
Answer: D
a. auditory tubes
b. external nares
c. nasolacrimal ducts
d. paranasal sinuses
e. all of these
Answer: A
a. ethmoidal sinus
b. frontal sinus
c. mastoid sinus
d. maxillary sinus
e. sphenoidal sinus
Answer: C
a. bronchi
b. larynx
c. lungs
d. pharynx
e. trachea
Answer: D
a. can be stimulated or inhibited by higher centers in the brain.
b. is stimulated by increased pressure in the bladder.
c. can be stimulated by irritation of the bladder or urethra.
d. all of these
Answer: D
a. be actively transported into the blood.
b. diffuse into the blood.
c. appear in the urine.
d. cause a backflow of filtrate from Bowman's capsule into the glomerulus.
e. be broken down by carbonic anhydrase.
Answer: C
a. increased ADH secretion.
b. increased thirst.
c. increased salt appetite.
d. increased peripheral resistance.
e. all of these
Answer: E
a. increased ADH secretion
b. increased atrial natriuretic hormone secretion
c. increased aldosterone secretion
d. decreased blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries
Answer: e. sympathetic stimulation of the renal arteries
a. increased aldosterone secretion.
b. increased permeability of the collecting ducts of the nephrons.
c. decreased urine osmolality.
d. increased urine volume.
e. both c and d
Answer: E
a. ADH.
b. oxytocin.
c. renin.
d. aldosterone.
e. angiotensin
Answer: C
a. proximal tubule, distal tubule
b. proximal tubule, descending limb of the loop of Henle
c. descending limb of the loop of Henle, ascending limb of the loop of Henle
d. ascending limb of the loop of Henle, descending limb of the loop of Henle
e. collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle
Answer: E
a. proximal tubule and distal tubule.
b. loop of Henle and vasa recta.
c. distal tubule and collecting duct.
d. glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
e. glomerulus and collecting duct.
Answer: B
a. H+ ions
b. Na+ ions
c. glucose
d. amino acids
e. Cl- ions
Answer: A
a. less, decreases
b. less, increases
c. more, decreases
d. more, increases
Answer: B
a. Bowman's capsule
b. proximal tubule
c. bottom of the loop of Henle
d. distal tubule
e. top of the collecting duct
Answer: C
a. amino acids.
b. fructose.
c. Na+ ions.
d. penicillin.
e. Ca2+ ions.
Answer: D
a. ADH.
b. aldosterone.
c. atrial natriuretic factor.
d. carrier molecules.
e. sodium ions.
Answer: A
a. K+ ions and Cl- ions
b. K+ ions and Mg2+ ions
c. Ca2+ ions and K+ ions
d. Ca2+ ions and Cl- ions
e. Ca2+ ions and Mg2+ ions
Answer: A
a. 99%.
b. 80%.
c. 65%.
d. 19%.
e. 15%.
Answer: C
a. Ca2+ ions
b. Cl- ions
c. H+ ions
d. Mg2+ ions
e. Na+ ions
Answer: E
a. Ca2+ ions.
b. Cl- ions.
c. K+ ions.
d. Mg2+ ions.
e. Na+ ions.
Answer: E
a. cotransport, cotransport
b. cotransport, facilitated diffusion
c. counter transport, cotransport
d. facilitated diffusion, cotransport
e. primary active transport, cotransport
Answer: B
a. into, into
b. into, out of
c. out of, into
d. out of, out of
Answer: C
a. decreased colloid osmotic pressure.
b. increased colloid osmotic pressure.
c. increased glomerular capillary pressure.
d. decreased filtration pressure.
e. increased tubular reabsorption.
Answer: A
a. 99%
b. 95%
c. 80%
d. 65%
e. 19%
Answer: A
a. hemoglobin
b. water
c. sodium ions
d. bicarbonate ions
e. glucose
Answer: A
a. filtration fraction.
b. plasma clearance.
c. renal blood flow rate.
d. renal fraction.
e. tubular maximum.
Answer: A
a. filtration fraction.
b. plasma clearance.
c. renal blood flow rate.
d. renal fraction.
e. tubular maximum.
Answer: D
a. filtration.
b. tubular secretion.
c. backflow.
d. tubular reabsorption.
e. micturition.
Answer: D
a. filtration.
b. tubular reabsorption.
c. tubular secretion.
Answer: C
a. external urinary sphincter.
b. internal urinary sphincter.
c. trigone.
Answer: A
a. external urinary sphincter.
b. internal urinary sphincter.
c. smooth muscle.
d. transitional epithelium.
e. trigone.
Answer: E
Given these vessels:
1. arcuate vein
2. afferent arteriole
3. efferent arteriole
4. interlobular vein
5. peritubular capillaries
a. 1,2,4,5,3
b. 2,3,5,4,1
c. 3,5,4,2,1
d. 4,2,5,3,1
e. 5,2,4,1,3
Answer: B
a. interlobar arteries
b. arcuate arteries
c. efferent arterioles
d. afferent arterioles
e. vasa recta
Answer: E
a. collecting duct.
b. distal tubule.
c. juxtaglomerular apparatus.
d. macula densa.
e. proximal tubule.
Answer: E
a. filtration membrane.
b. glomerulus.
c. juxtamedullary nephron.
d. nephron.
e. renal corpuscle.,
Answer: A
a. glomerulus
b. arcuate arteries
c. proximal tubule
d. distal tubule
e. collecting duct
Answer: D
a. podocytes.
b. glomerulus.
c. calyx.
d. renal pyramid.
e. renal sinus.
Answer: B
Given these parts of a nephron:
1. renal corpuscle
2. collecting duct
3. loop of Henle
4. distal tubule
5. proximal tubule
a. 1,5,3,4,2
b. 2,4,1,3,5
c. 2,1,4,5,3
d. 4,2,3,5,1
e. 5,1,3,4,2
Answer: A
a. glomerulus.
b. filtration membrane.
c. nephron.
d. podocyte.
e. renal corpuscle.
Answer: C
a. renal fascia.
b. renal pelvis.
c. renal pyramids.
d. renal papillae.
e. renal sinus.
Answer: B
a. cortex.
b. hilum.
c. medulla.
d. renal capsule.
e. renal pyramids.
Answer: D
Answer: Blood thinners interfere with the clotting process and thus less likely to clog your arteries and hopefully prevent a heart attack.
1. Transportation of oxygen/carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones
2. Regulation of pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure
3. Protection - clotting and WBC providing immunity
a. A
b. B
c. O
d. A and B
e. No antigens
Answer: b. B
a. A
b. B
c. A and B
d. No antibodies
e. Not enough information to answer
Answer: c. A and B
a. Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
b. Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
c. Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
d. Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive.
Answer: Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
a. vascular spasm, clotting, polycythemia
b. hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation
c. emigration, clotting, hemolysis
d. platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, clotting
e. anemia, hemogenesis, platelet plug formation
Answer: platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, clotting
a. Emigration
b. Wandering
c. Adhesion
d. Hempoiesis
e. Phagocytosis
Answer: a. Emigration
a. Monocytes
b. Macrophage
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. All of the above
Answer: d. Basophil
a. Eosinophil
b. Monocyte
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Neutrophil
Answer: d. Basophil
a. Erythrocyte
b. Platelet
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Neutrophil
Answer: b. Platelet
a. Monocytes
b. Platelet
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Eosinophil
Answer: a. Monocytes
a. Proerythroblast
b. Cytokine
c. Precursor cell
d. Interleukin
e. Reticulocyte
Answer: e. Reticulocyte
a. Nutrient transport
b. Cytokine stimulation
c. Blood cell proliferation
d. Gas transport of oxygen
e. Disease resistance
Answer: d. Gas transport of oxygen
a. A. Red blood cell
b. B. White blood cell
c. C. Platelet
d. Both b and c
e. Any of the above
Answer: c. C. Platelet
a. Hematocritation
b. Hemopoiesis
c. Albumin genesis
d. Immunology
e. None of the above
Answer: b. Hemopoiesis
a. A. Percentage of RBC in packed blood
b. B. Percentage of WBC in packed blood
c. C. Percentage of platelets in packed blood
d. Both a and b
e. All of the above
Answer: a. A. Percentage of RBC in packed blood
a. Albumins
b. Globulins
c. Fibrinogens
d. Prostaglandins
e. None of the above
Answer: c. Fibrinogens
a. Albumins
b. Globulins
c. Fibrinogens
d. Myoglobin
e. Hemoglobin
Answer: b. Globulins
a. WBC
b. Platelets
c. RBC
d. plasma
e. proteins
Answer: RBC
a. Blood plasma
b. Formed elements
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Platelets
e. White blood cells
Answer: c. Carbon dioxide
a. 7.35-8.5
b. 7.35-9.45
c. 6.35-7.35
d. 6.35-9.35
e. 7.35-7.45
Answer: e. 7.35-7.45
a. Transportation of nutrients
b. Regulation of blood pH
c. Protection against disease infection
d. Transportation of heat
e. Production of oxygen
Answer: Production of Oxygen
a. carry oxygen
b. carry carbon dioxide
c. aid in the process of blood clotting
d. A, B, and C
e. A and B only
Answer: e
a. 24 hours
b. 1 month
c. 4 months
d. about 1 year
e. many years
Answer: c
a. serum
b. lymph
c. whole blood
d. extracellular fluid
e. packed blood
Answer: c
a. 55 percent
b. 38 percent
c. 60 percent
d. 45 percent
e. 20 percent
Answer: d
a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
b. lymphocytes and monocytes
c. eosinophils and monocytes
d. basophils and eosinophils
e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils
Answer: a
Answer: Baroreceptors are receptors that are sensitive to change in blood pressure. They are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses. When blood pressure changes, baroreceptors are activated, and the cardioaccelatory center is stimulated. Then, if the blood pressure was low, the heart rate will increase and blood vessels will constrict which will cause the blood pressure to go back to normal. If the blood pressure was high, the heart rate will decrease and blood vessels will dilate which will cause the blood pressure to go back to normal.
Answer: Blood flow is directly proportional to the change in pressure. blood flow is inversely related to resistance, so as resistance goes up, blood flow goes down.
a. when the peripheral vessels dilate
b. when the peripheral vessels constrict
c. neither is greater
Answer: b
a. artery
b. arteriole
c. capillary
d. venule
e. vein
Answer: e
a. tunica intima
b. external elastic membrane
c. tunica media
d. internal elastic membrane
e. tunica externa
Answer: e
a. precapillary arterioles
b. arterioles
c. capillaries
d. venules
e. veins
Answer: a
a. vertebral
b. azygos
c. innominate
d. internal jugular
e. external jugular
Answer: d
a. internal carotid
b. external carotid
c. mental
d. azygos
e. maxillary
Answer: a
