Diabetes insipidus results from

Diabetes insipidus results from A. A decrase in insulin B. A decrease of ADH C. A increase of ADH D. An increase in insulin E. Two of these Answer: B....

Which is not true regarding the adrenal medulla?

Which is not true regarding the adrenal medulla? A. It is innervated by the sympathetic division of the ANS B. It is innervated by the postganglionic...

What is the first structure of a reflex arc?

What is the first structure of a reflex arc?  A. effector (muscles or glands) B. receptor C. sensory neuron D. motor neuron Answer: re...

Nerves that serve the leg come from the

Nerves that serve the leg come from the  A. sacral plexus. B. brachial plexus. C. lumbar plexus. D. both the sacral and lumbar plexuses. Answer: both...

Nerves that serve the arm come from the _______ plexus.

Nerves that serve the arm come from the _______ plexus.  A. cervical B. brachial C. lumbar D. sacral Answer: brachi...

Reflex arcs

Reflex arcs  A. require the actions of the brain. B. do not utilize somatic motor nerves. C. generally rely on the actions of the hypothalamus. D....

Which of the following spinal nerve groups is incorrect?

Which of the following spinal nerve groups is incorrect?  A. cervical - 7 B. thoracic - 12 C. lumbar - 5 D. sacral - 5 Answer: cervical...

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut, the individual would

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut, the individual would  A. have no motor responses for that nerve. B. have no sensory perception...

There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves.

There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves. A. 15, 31 B. 31, 12 C. 12, 31 D. 12, 25 Answer: 12, ...

Which cranial nerve allows one to make facial expressions and secrete tears?

Which cranial nerve allows one to make facial expressions and secrete tears?  A. trigeminal B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. facial An...

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved with eye movements?

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved with eye movements?  A. optic B. oculomotor C. abducens D. trochlear Answer: oculomot...

Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs?

Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs?  A. abducens B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. vagus Answer:&n...

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely sensory?

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely sensory?  A. trochlear B. optic C. olfactory D. vestibulocochlear Answer: trochle...

Eye movements would be compromised by

Eye movements would be compromised by  A. damage to the trochlear nerve. B. damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve. C. damage to the vagus nerve. D....

A cranial nerve with only sensory fibers is the

A cranial nerve with only sensory fibers is the A. hypoglossal nerve. B. vestibulocochlear nerve. C. vagus nerve. D. trigeminal nerve. Answer: vestibulocochlear...

Which tracts are NOT part of the extrapyramidal motor tracts?

Which tracts are NOT part of the extrapyramidal motor tracts?  A. vestibulospinal B. corticospinal C. rubrospinal D. reticulospinal Answer:...

The extrapyramidal tracts

The extrapyramidal tracts  A. arise in the cerebral cortex. B. always cross in the spinal cord. C. originate in the brainstem. D. are responsible...

Most corticospinal tracts decussate in the

Most corticospinal tracts decussate in the  A. midbrain. B. basal nuclei. C. medulla oblongata. D. spinal cord. Answer: medulla oblong...

Nerve fibers of the ___________ tract decussate in the spinal cord and are involved in regulating fine motor movements.

Nerve fibers of the ___________ tract decussate in the spinal cord and are involved in regulating fine motor movements.  A. tectospinal B. anterior...

Sensory impulses for fine touch, precise pressures, and body movement are carried by the _____ tracts.

Sensory impulses for fine touch, precise pressures, and body movement are carried by the _____ tracts.  A. anterior spinothalamic B. posterior...

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is arranged into _____ and the white matter is arranged into ______.

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is arranged into _____ and the white matter is arranged into ______.  A. columns, horns B. funiculi, tracts C....

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is on the _____ and the white matter is on the ___.

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is on the _____ and the white matter is on the ___.  A. outside, inside B. inside, outside Answer: inside,...

Neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus release _______ that promotes sleep.

Neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus release _______ that promotes sleep.  A. GABA B. acetylcholine C. dopamine D....

What condition is caused by a sudden failure of the RAS?

What condition is caused by a sudden failure of the RAS?  A. narcolepsy B. Parkinson's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. insomnia Answer:&n...

Which of the following RAS neurotransmitters stimulates the cerebral cortex for wakefulness?

Which of the following RAS neurotransmitters stimulates the cerebral cortex for wakefulness?  A. dopamine B. GABA C. norepinephrine D. Both dopamine...

The right side of the brain controls motor activity on the left side of the body because nerve tracts decussate in the

The right side of the brain controls motor activity on the left side of the body because nerve tracts decussate in the  A. pons. B. midbrain. C....

Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata?

Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata?  A. vasomotor control B. cardiac control C. thirst control D. respiratory...

The medulla oblongata

The medulla oblongata  A. contains numerous vital centers. B. contains the facial nuclei. C. acts only as a relay center. D. is the most advanced...

What type of cerebellar cells provide communication to other brain areas?

What type of cerebellar cells provide communication to other brain areas? A. Purkinje cells B. reticular cells C. supraoptic cells D. pyramidal cells Answer: Purkinje...

Ataxia is often associated with

Ataxia is often associated with  A. damage to the motor cortex. B. damage to the cerebellum. C. damage to the pyramidal tracts. D. damage to the...

The inability to reach out and touch an object with control and accuracy may result from damage to the

The inability to reach out and touch an object with control and accuracy may result from damage to the A. pons. B. cerebrum. C. cerebellum. D. mid...

Which of the following is NOT required to coordinate movement?

Which of the following is NOT required to coordinate movement?  A. cerebellum B. thalamus C. basal nuclei D. motor cortex Answer: thal...

Which brain structure contains two respiratory control centers?

Which brain structure contains two respiratory control centers? A. cerebellum B. epithalamus C. pons D. midbrain Answer: po...

What part of the mesolimbic system found in the midbrain is involved with behavioral reward?

What part of the mesolimbic system found in the midbrain is involved with behavioral reward? A. corpora quadrigemina B. ventral tegmental area C. substantia...

Which drug acts to inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and amphetamines into the nucleus accumbens in the forebrain?

Which drug acts to inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and amphetamines into the nucleus accumbens in the forebrain?  A. alcohol B. amphetamines C....

Visual reflexes would be impaired by damage to the

Visual reflexes would be impaired by damage to the  A. superior colliculi. B. inferior colliculi. C. red nucleus. D. medial geniculate nuclei. Answer: superior...

Ablation of the ___________ in the midbrain would impair the ability to respond to sounds.

Ablation of the ___________ in the midbrain would impair the ability to respond to sounds.  A. superior colliculi B. medial colliculi C. red nucleus D....

The suprachiasmatic nuclei

The suprachiasmatic nuclei  A. are located in the anterior hypothalamus. B. controls melatonin secretion from the pineal gland. C. contains "clock...

Releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary are produced in the

Releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary are produced in the A. hypothalamus. B. pituitary gland. C. pineal gland. D. cerebral ...

Based on experimental evidence, the ___________ hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat.

Based on experimental evidence, the ___________ hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat. A. preoptic-anterior B. lateral C. medial D. supraopti...

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? A. controls hunger and thirst B. controls reactions to odors C. controls body temperature D....

Interpretation of auditory inputs would be most affected by

Interpretation of auditory inputs would be most affected by  A. ablation of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. B. ablation of the hypothalamus. C....

Except for the sense of __________, all sensory information is relayed through the thalamus.

Except for the sense of __________, all sensory information is relayed through the thalamus.  A. taste B. vision C. balance D. smell Answer...

The ___________________ is the dorsal diencephalon, containing the choroid plexus and the pineal gland.

The ___________________ is the dorsal diencephalon, containing the choroid plexus and the pineal gland. A. epithalamus B. hypothalamus C. thalamus D....

The majority of sensory information is relayed to the cerebrum by the

The majority of sensory information is relayed to the cerebrum by the A. pons. B. thalamus. C. hypothalamus. D. medulla oblongata. Answer: ...

What substance can act as a retrograde messenger to suppress release of GABA to contribute to LTP?

What substance can act as a retrograde messenger to suppress release of GABA to contribute to LTP? A. acetylcholine B. endocannabinoid C. carbon monoxide D....

What substance can act as a retrograde messenger to increase LPT by increasing the release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals?

What substance can act as a retrograde messenger to increase LPT by increasing the release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals?  A. Mg2+ B....

Damage to the orbitofrontal area of the prefrontal cortex causes

Damage to the orbitofrontal area of the prefrontal cortex causes  A. memory deficiencies. B. cognitive deficiencies. C. severe impulsive/sociopathic...

The limbic system, especially the ____________ and _______________, are rich in "stress hormone" receptors.

The limbic system, especially the ____________ and _______________, are rich in "stress hormone" receptors.  A. caudate nucleus, hippocampus B....

Damage to the _____ prefrontal area will cause a lack of motivation and sexual desire and deficient cognitive functions.

Damage to the _____ prefrontal area will cause a lack of motivation and sexual desire and deficient cognitive functions.  A. lateral B. orbitofacial C....

The ______ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an emotional content.

The ______ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an emotional content. A. caudate nucleus B. substantia nigra C. amygdala D....

What is the function of CREB in long-term memory?

What is the function of CREB in long-term memory? A. opens Ca2+ channels B. addition of AMPA receptors C. draws more glutamate into the neuron D. activates...

In long-term potentiation dealing with memory, what regulatory protein do calcium ions bind to?

In long-term potentiation dealing with memory, what regulatory protein do calcium ions bind to? A. kinase B. calmodulin C. CREB D. CaMKII Answer...

What ion is involved in stimulating genetic transcription needed for learning and memory?

What ion is involved in stimulating genetic transcription needed for learning and memory? A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca2+ D. NO Answer: Ca...

A circular path of neurons synapsing with one after another is called a ____ circuit.

A circular path of neurons synapsing with one after another is called a ____ circuit. A. recurrent B. dendritic C. synaptic D. parallel Answer:&...

An example of working memory would be

An example of working memory would be A. recognizing a threatening picture. B. remembering the last hockey game you attended. C. looking up an address...

Being able to recognize the face of a schoolmate at your 30 year reunion, would be a function of the

Being able to recognize the face of a schoolmate at your 30 year reunion, would be a function of the A. inferior temporal lobes. B. occipital lobe. C....

What type of memory is involved in learning all this material about memory?

What type of memory is involved in learning all this material about memory? A. semantic B. implicit C. episodic D. procedural Answer: seman...

Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem-solving?

Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem-solving?  A. hippocampus B. prefrontal cortex C. amygdala D. medial temporal...

Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of _____ memory.

Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of _____ memory. A. episodic B. semantic C. procedural D. working Answer: procedur...

MRI images of living amnesiac patients show a shrunken

MRI images of living amnesiac patients show a shrunken A. hypothalamus. B. epithalamus. C. hippocampus. D. pineal gland. Answer: hippocamp...

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory is called

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory is called  A. memory ablation. B. memory consolidation. C. memory recognition. D. memory...

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory would be inhibited by

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory would be inhibited by  A. ablation of the pons. B. ablation of the cerebral nuclei. C....

The famous patient "H.M." could not remember events that occurred after his memory was damaged after he had brain surgery to treat his epilepsy. He retained his perceptual and motor skills, but lost his memory of new facts and events. Thus, H.M.'s deficit was in

The famous patient "H.M." could not remember events that occurred after his memory was damaged after he had brain surgery to treat his epilepsy. He...

Having the APOE4 gene increases the likelihood of developing

Having the APOE4 gene increases the likelihood of developing  A. Huntingdon's disease. B. Alzheimer's disease. C. Parkinson's disease. D. amnesia. Answer: alzheimers...

The ___________ lobe is involved in converting short-term memory to long-term memory.

The ___________ lobe is involved in converting short-term memory to long-term memory. A. inferior temporal B. inferior lateral C. prefrontal D. medial...

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?  A. an accumulation of intracellular proteins that form neurofibrillar...

_________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a particular damaging amyloid -peptide that is implicated in inherited forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

_________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a particular damaging amyloid -peptide that is implicated in inherited forms of early-onset Alzheimer's...

Which of the following is NOT

Which of the following is NOT  A. cingulate gyrus B. angular gyrus C. amygdala D. hippocampus Answer: angular gyr...

The hypothalamus and the limbic system are involved in

The hypothalamus and the limbic system are involved in  A. aggression. B. fear. C. sex. D. goal-directed behavior. E. All apply. Answer: All...

Ablation of the amygdala and limbic system would primarily result in

Ablation of the amygdala and limbic system would primarily result in  A. loss of voluntary muscle contraction. B. attenuation of aggressive behaviors. C....

Damage to the Papez circuit prevents communication between

Damage to the Papez circuit prevents communication between  A. the limbic system and olfactory bulbs. B. the limbic system and hippocampus. C....

What structure connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area?

What structure connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area? A. corpus striatum B. angular gyrus C. arcuate fasciculus D. corpus callosum Answer: arcuate...

A "word salad" speech pattern occurs when

A "word salad" speech pattern occurs when  A. Wernicke's area is damaged. B. Broca's area is damaged. C. the angular gyrus is damaged. D. spinal...

Individuals with aphasia

Individuals with aphasia A. often have damage to spinal nerves. B. may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged. C. often speak slowly...

Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___________ and ___________ areas.

Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___________ and ___________ areas.  A. Wernicke's and the angular gyrus B. fornix and Broca's C....

Cerebral lateralization, in which the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language and analytical ability and the right for visuospatial ability, is true for 97% of all people.

Cerebral lateralization, in which the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language and analytical ability and the right for visuospatial ability,...

What is the purpose of the motor circuit?

What is the purpose of the motor circuit? A. allows intended movements to occur and inhibits unwanted movements B. permits REM sleep C. activates the...

Recognition of your best friend's face is a function of the _______ cerebral hemisphere.

Recognition of your best friend's face is a function of the _______ cerebral hemisphere.  A. right B. left C. both Answer: rig...

Writing skills would be impaired if the ___________ cerebral hemisphere atrophied.

Writing skills would be impaired if the ___________ cerebral hemisphere atrophied. A. right B. left C. both Answer: le...

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with basal nuclei function?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with basal nuclei function?  A. dopamine B. GABA C. acetylcholine D. glutamate A...

Impaired motor coordination in Parkinson's disease is often due to

Impaired motor coordination in Parkinson's disease is often due to A. degeneration of the red nucleus. B. degeneration of the substantia nigra. C....

The basal nuclei contain

The basal nuclei contain A. the corpus striatum. B. the supraoptic nucleus. C. reticular formation. D. All apply. Answer: the corpus striat...

Chorea is most likely to result from

Chorea is most likely to result from A. damage to the caudate nucleus. B. damage to the spinal ganglia. C. damage to the occipital lobe. D. damage...

Which type of sleep pattern may aid the consolidation of spatial and declarative memories?

Which type of sleep pattern may aid the consolidation of spatial and declarative memories?  A. REM B. nonREM Answer: nonR...

During ______________ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur.

During ______________ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur.  A. REM B. deep C. nonREM D. dozing Answer: R...

Which of the following is used to map neuronal activity with scalp electrodes?

Which of the following is used to map neuronal activity with scalp electrodes?  A. MEG B. PET C. EEG D. MRI Answer: E...

An electroencephalogram obtained from an adult who is thinking would probably display

An electroencephalogram obtained from an adult who is thinking would probably display A. many alpha waves. B. many beta waves. C. many delta waves. D....

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage?

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage? A. alpha waves B. beta waves C. theta waves D. delta waves Answer: delta...

A record of the electrical currents of the cerebral cortex is a/an

A record of the electrical currents of the cerebral cortex is a/an A. computed tomograph. B. electroencephalogram. C. magnetic resonance image. D....

Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields produced by postsynaptic electric currents to produce an image?

Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields produced by postsynaptic electric currents to produce an image? A. EEG B. fMRI C. MEG D. PET Answer...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses ______________ as its basis for producing images.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses ______________ as its basis for producing images.  A. x-rays B. gamma rays C. spinning protons D. electrical...

Brain metabolism may be best studied by

Brain metabolism may be best studied by A. electroencephalography. B. computed tomography. C. magnetic resonance imaging. D. positron-emission tomography. Answer: positron-emission...

_________ is a technique for visualizing brain region activity indirectly by detecting increases in blood oxygen levels.

_________ is a technique for visualizing brain region activity indirectly by detecting increases in blood oxygen levels.  A. Computed tomography B....

What type of neurons aid in imitating, understanding intentions and behaviors of others, and having empathy with the emotions of others?

What type of neurons aid in imitating, understanding intentions and behaviors of others, and having empathy with the emotions of others?  A. sensory...

What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function?

What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function? A. Alzheimer's disease B. autism spectrum disorder C. Parkinson's disease D....

A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a

A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a A. sulcus. B. fissure. C. gyrus. D. mirror neuron. Answer: gyr...

What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes? A. corpus callosum B. central sulcus C. lateral sulcus D. longitudinal fissure Answer: central...

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus?

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus? A. sensory neurons B. lower motor neurons C. upper motor neurons D. middle motor neurons Answer: upper...

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit  A. voluntary skeletal muscle contraction. B. integration of cerebral activities. C. hearing. D....

Which of the following statements is true of the cerebral cortex?

Which of the following statements is true of the cerebral cortex?  A. Sensations from the feet would be on the most inferior area of the somatesthetic...

The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses.

The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses. A. temporal B....

Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?

Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?  A. insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital B. temporal, frontal,...

Neurogenesis is the formation of new ______________ from neural stem cells.

Neurogenesis is the formation of new ______________ from neural stem cells. A. ependymal cells B. astrocytes C. neurons D. All apply. Answer:&nb...

Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______ neurons.

Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______ neurons.  A. visual B. gustatory C. olfactory D. audit...

Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning and memory?

Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning and memory? A. arcuate fascicles B. subgranular zone of...

Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the

Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the A. cerebral cortex. B. subventricular zone. C. midbrain. D. subgranular zone. E. both...

________% of total blood flow to the body per minute goes to the brain.

________% of total blood flow to the body per minute goes to the brain. A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30 Answer: ...

The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses.

The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses.  A. bipolar B. association C. motor D. ...

Neural crest cells differentiate into

Neural crest cells differentiate into A. the telencephalon B. the red nucleus C. the basal nuclei D. peripheral nervous system ganglia Answer: peripheral...

Cerebrospinal fluid is found

Cerebrospinal fluid is found  A. within the central canal. B. within the ventricles. C. within the olfactory bulbs. D. both within the central...

The cerebellum forms from the

The cerebellum forms from the A. telencephalon. B. metencephalon. C. myelencephalon. D. diencephalon. Answer: metencephal...

The midbrain forms from the

The midbrain forms from the A. telencephalon. B. mesencephalon. C. myelencephalon. D. diencephalon. Answer: mesencephal...

In the cerebrum, the _________ matter is generally superficial and the _______ matter is deep.

In the cerebrum, the _________ matter is generally superficial and the _______ matter is deep. A. white, gray B. gray, white Answer: gray, ...

Destruction of the embryonic ____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system.

Destruction of the embryonic ____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system. A. ectoderm B. mesoderm C. endoderm D. mesoglia Answer:&...

______ innervate muscles and glands.

______ innervate muscles and glands. A. Sensory neurons B. Ganglia C. Motor neurons D. Association neurons Answer: Motor neuro...