Varicose veins are caused by:

Varicose veins are caused by:

A) a loss of elasticity in blood vessels
B) the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
C) excessive production of the enzyme renin
D) incompetent venous valves
E) orthostatic hypotension

Answer: D

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:

A) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
B) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venular end of the capillary
C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
D) blood pressure is higher at the venular end of the capillary
E) interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

Answer: C

Which one of the following are the main functions of renin and angiotensin II:

Which one of the following are the main functions of renin and angiotensin II:

A) blood pressure rises this causes vasoconstriction and further increases blood pressure
B) blood pressure rises this causes vasoconstriction and a decrease in blood pressure
C) blood pressure rises this causes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure
D) blood pressure falls this causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure
E) blood pressure falls this causes vasodilation and an increase in blood pressure

Answer: D

Which one of the following is the main function of renin and aldosterone:

Which one of the following is the main function of renin and aldosterone:

A) they are produced whenever blood pressure rises and ultimately cause an increase in blood volume and blood pressure
B) they are produced whenever blood pressure rises and ultimately cause a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure
C) they are produced when blood pressure rises and have no long-term effect on blood volume and blood pressure
D) they are produced whenever blood pressure falls and ultimately cause an increase in blood volume and blood pressure
E) they are produced whenever blood pressure falls and ultimately cause a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure

Answer: D

Generalized vasoconstriction occurs as a result of:

Generalized vasoconstriction occurs as a result of:

A) an increase in parasympathetic nervous system firing
B) a decrease in parasympathetic nervous system firing
C) an increase in sympathetic nervous system firing
D) a decrease in sympathetic nervous system firing
E) an increase in blood pressure

Answer: C

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called:

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called:

A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) peripheral resistance
D) blood pressure
E) diastolic pressure

Answer: C

In which one of the following blood vessels is blood pressure the highest:

In which one of the following blood vessels is blood pressure the highest:

A) veins
B) capillaries
C) vena cava
D) arteries
E) arterioles

Answer: D

Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point:

Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point:

A) renal artery
B) radial artery
C) facial artery
D) dorsalis pedis artery
E) posterior tibial artery

Answer: A

Which one of the following blood vessels in the fetus has the highest concentration of oxygen:

Which one of the following blood vessels in the fetus has the highest concentration of oxygen:

A) umbilical arteries
B) inferior vena cava
C) ductus venosus
D) ductus arteriosus
E) left atrium

Answer: C

The umbilical vein carries:

The umbilical vein carries:

A) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta
B) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus
C) oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta
D) oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
E) blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava

Answer: D

The brachial vein:

The brachial vein:

A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava
C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein
D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava
E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein

Answer: A

The external iliac vein receives blood from all of the following EXCEPT:

The external iliac vein receives blood from all of the following EXCEPT:

A) anterior tibial vein
B) fibular vein
C) popliteal vein
D) femoral vein
E) vertebral vein

Answer: E

The right and left renal veins empty blood from the:

The right and left renal veins empty blood from the:

A) kidneys
B) common iliac vein
C) inferior vena cava
D) hepatic portal vein
E) vertebral vein

Answer: C

Blood travels to the stomach by way of the branch of the celiac trunk called the:

Blood travels to the stomach by way of the branch of the celiac trunk called the:

A) left gastric atery
B) splenic artery
C) common hepatic artery
D) superior mesenteric artery
E) inferior mesenteric artery

Answer: A

The carotid artery is located in the:

The carotid artery is located in the:

A) armpit
B) groin
C) neck
D) abdomen
E) leg

Answer: C

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm:

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm:

A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery
B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery
C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries
E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery

Answer: C

Which of these arteries is NOT a branch of the abdominal aorta:

Which of these arteries is NOT a branch of the abdominal aorta:

A) renal arteries
B) left common carotid artery
C) inferior mesenteric artery
D) common iliac arteries
E) gonadal arteries

Answer: B

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch:

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch:

A) brachiocephalic artery
B) left subclavian artery
C) left common carotid artery
D) right common carotid artery
E) thoracic aorta

Answer: D

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta:

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta:

A) right subclavian artery
B) carotid artery
C) right coronary artery
D) left coronary artery
E) both the right and left coronary arteries

Answer: E

Which one is the correct sequence going from the outermost to the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall:

Which one is the correct sequence going from the outermost to the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall:

A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa
B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima
C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Answer: C

Which one of the following is caused by a decrease in venous return to the heart:

Which one of the following is caused by a decrease in venous return to the heart:

A) a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output
B) a decrease in stroke volume and an increase in cardiac output
C) an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output
D) an increase in stroke volume and a decrease in cardiac output
E) no change in stroke volume and cardiac output

Answer: A

Veins:

Veins:

A) carry blood away from the heart
B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles
C) transport oxygen-rich blood
D) operate under high pressure
E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Answer: E

Which of the following reduces heart rate:

Which of the following reduces heart rate:

A) exercise
B) epinephrine
C) thyroxine
D) increased body temperature
E) high blood pressure

Answer: E

An increase in parasympathetic activity (primarily by the vagus nerves) causes:

An increase in parasympathetic activity (primarily by the vagus nerves) causes:

A) a decrease in both heart rate and cardiac output
B) a decrease in heart rate and an increase in cardiac output
C) an increase in both heart rate and cardiac output
D) an increase in heart rate and a decrease in cardiac output
E) no change in both heart rate and cardiac output

Answer: A

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:

A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds
D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Answer: E

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:

A) cardiac output
B) cardiac cycle
C) stroke volume
D) heart rate
E) diastolic pressure

Answer: C

Which one of the following is true concerning the lub-dub sounds of the heart:

Which one of the following is true concerning the lub-dub sounds of the heart:

A) the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the tricuspid valve; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the mitral valve
B) the first sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the tricuspid valve; the second sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the mitral valve
C) they are caused by contraction of the ventricles, followed by contraction of the atria
D) the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves
E) the first sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves; the second sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves

Answer: D

A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of:

A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of:

A) 4500 mL/minute
B) 1.25 mL/minute
C) 0.8 mL/minute
D) 6000 mL/minute
E) 120 mL/minute

Answer: A

The mitral valve is normally closed:

The mitral valve is normally closed:

A) when the ventricle is in diastole
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) when the atrium is contracting
D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle
E) when the ventricle is contracting

Answer: B

Which one of the following vessels receives blood during right ventricular systole:

Which one of the following vessels receives blood during right ventricular systole:

A) pulmonary veins
B) pumonary trunk
C) aorta
D) superior vena cava
E) coronary arteries

Answer: B

A heart rate of over 100 beats per minute is called:

A heart rate of over 100 beats per minute is called:

A) bradycardia
B) tachycardia
C) ischemia
D) diastole
E) heart block

Answer: B

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart:

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart:

A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Answer: E

The sinoatrial node is located in the:

The sinoatrial node is located in the:

A) aorta
B) right atrium
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) interventricular septum

Answer: B

Which one of the following are direct branches of the left coronary artery:

Which one of the following are direct branches of the left coronary artery:

A) circumflex and marginal arteries
B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries
D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries

Answer: D

The aortic semilunar valve is composed of:

The aortic semilunar valve is composed of:

A) two cusps and opens when the left ventricle contracts
B) three cusps and opens when the left ventricle contracts
C) two cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts
D) three cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts
E) two cusps and closes when blood is filling the pulmonary circuit

Answer: B

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood:

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood:

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) pulmonary artery
E) pulmonary vein

Answer: E

The superior vena cava empties:

The superior vena cava empties:

A) oxygenated blood into the left atrium
B) oxygenated blood into the left ventricle
C) deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
D) deoxygenated blood into the right ventricle
E) deoxygenated blood into the left atrium

Answer: C

The tricuspid valve is located between the:

The tricuspid valve is located between the:

A) right atrium and left atrium
B) right atrium and right ventricle
C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery
D) left ventricle and aorta
E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Answer: B

When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:

When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:

A) right ventricle to the right atrium
B) left ventricle to the left atrium
C) left atrium to the right atrium
D) right atrium to the left atrium
E) left ventricle to the right ventricle

Answer: B

What structure divides the left from the right ventricle:

What structure divides the left from the right ventricle:

A) interventricular septum
B) interatrial septum
C) bicuspid valve
D) tricuspid valve
E) chordae tendineae

Answer: A

Pulmonary veins:

Pulmonary veins:

A) transport oxygenated blood to the lungs
B) transport blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
C) transport oxygenated blood to the heart
D) split off the pulmonary trunk
E) return blood to the right atrium of the heart

Answer: C

The right AV valve is known as the:

The right AV valve is known as the:

A) aortic semilunar valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) mitral valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) bicuspid valve

Answer: B

Which area of the heart receives blood from the systemic veins:

Which area of the heart receives blood from the systemic veins:

A) right ventricle
B) left ventricle
C) aorta
D) right atrium
E) left atrium

Answer: D

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is:

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is:

A) myocardium
B) endocardium
C) epicardium
D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
E) either endocardium or epicardium

Answer: C

The thick layer of the heart wall that contains contractile cardiac muscle tissue is the:

The thick layer of the heart wall that contains contractile cardiac muscle tissue is the:

A) VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
B) PARIETAL PERICARDIUM
C) ENDOCARDIUM
D) EPICARDIUM
E) MYOCARDIUM

Answer: E